... improved the paper. Any remaining errors are my own. Copyright 2017 by Duke University Press 2017 Richard A. Musgrave Paul A. Samuelson social goods public goods nonrivalry nonexclusion free riding References Atkinson Anthony B. 1987 . “The Collected Papers of Richard...

... of resources gives rise to unpaid factors and attendant inefficient use; (2) “technical externali- ties,” where increasing returns result in inefficiencies, including monopoly; and (3) “public good externalities,” à la Paul Samuelson (1954, 1955), with their inefficiency-inducing nonrivalry...

... assert that the arts produce “externalities,” or so- cial benefits, which do. These social benefits extend beyond the buyers and sellers directly involved in the transaction, and as such, are charac- terized to some extent by nonrivalry and nonexcludability (Heilbrun and This paper is a revised...

.... 5. Conclusions It is not claimed here that Kautilya understood the vertical summation of individual demand curves or the concept of deadweight loss, or that he developed demand-revealing mechanisms. However, he appears to un- derstand the nonrivalry nature of public goods. He implicitly...

... definitionally and in terms of the expenditure commitment) may not qualify. The same could be said of national defense, however. If one adopts the Samuelsonian definition of a public good—a good exhibiting (sub- stantial elements of) nonrivalry and nonexcludability in consumption —then art appears to fit...

... failure arose from the com- bination of the very features that defined a public good—nonrivalry and 22. “I have not meant by these notes to take a stand in the contest between the Lindahl theory and other approaches to a theory of public expenditures. I would agree with many criti- cisms...

... referring to Dixit and Stiglitz (1977). Increasing returns to scale remained a bridesmaid but never a bride, as it had been throughout the history of economics, Samuelson (2001: 499) claimed.34 He was in a good position to appreciate the new emphasis in growth theory on the nonrivalry of knowledge input...