... get for it: Such things are least necessary to the republic and may be sold for whatever price a prudent well-informed purchaser may care to pay. Fine horses, jewels, and falcons fall into this class. We look to such things for the adornment, dignity, and splendor of the nobility...

... to sixteenth- through eighteenth-century France the common classification of society into nobility, bourgeoisie, and peasantry, or even into more detailed classes of royalty, church, officerholders, wealthy merchants, petty mer- chants, yeomen, sharecroppers, artisans, and laborers, obscures what...

... ,“reflected and objectified” the existence and importance of the nobility as a distinct class during the feudal era (ibid. 183-84). Thus, institutions serve as concrete manifesta- tions of a class and its function, aiding the analyst in discovering the nature of a particular social hierarchy...

... the Aristocracy Consider Smith’s unrelenting hostility toward the aristocracy. In his words: “The nobility are the greatest opposers and oppressors of liberty that we can imagine. . . . The people can never have security of person or estate till the nobility be crushed” (Smith 1978, 264). Smith...

... and in food markets; he was against all entailments, internal tariffs, and the tasa on grains. Olavide defended the class society and the nobility, but criticized the excessive privileges of the latter. He also criticized the excessive number of clerics, some of whom he considered ignorant...

..., Durham NC 27706. 97 98 History of Political Economy 179 (1985) the opposition of the nobility, the church, and Arthur’s magician Merlin. Though temporarily successful, the Yankee is not powerful enough to pre- vail completely...

... of the country. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the diets, made of repre- sentatives of the aristocracy, the lower nobility, the free royal cities, and various corporations, provided the eminent public forum for articulating interests and propositions concerning the economy. Emerging economic...

... is the nobility, a class the regent invariably draws to the court, the better to contain its potential power. The principle that activates the nobility and hence the populace in monarchies is the pursuit of honor. All ranks enjoy a relative status, and individuals are rewarded according...

... figures. At the same time, we know from comparison with other contemporary guidebooks for the high nobility—for example, those by Reinhard Lorich (1510–64) and Wolfgang Seidel (1491–1562)—that it was by no means a necessity or convention to anticipate possible critics in the preface. If one looks...

... makes clear that he is simply selling a commodity, he complicates the matter by insisting on market differentiation: the good that he is selling is connected with nobility. But he should not be treated with any more respect than is due to any other seller of a good commodity. He follows his...

... institutione di tutta la vita de l'homo nato nobile e in cittá libera . Venice: Giovanni Maria Bonelli. Pietilä-Castrén , Leena . 1987 . Magnificentia publica: The Victory Monuments of the Roman Generals in the Era of the Punic Wars . Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica. Pigna , Giovanni...

... and a planned readership. His proposals for Poland, for example, were addressed to Polish nobles (in response to a request) and therefore address the question, What changes might the nobility reasonably be expected to consider? His apparently conflicting proposals for Corsica were addressed to a nationalist...

... and wasteful consumption for the nobility and clergy are accepted ends, and there is an ever-increasing expansion in the unproduc- tive labor force, as Adam Smith noted. ...

... dissonance on their part. To put it a bit crudely, historians of science tend to think of Rationality as Nobility of the Spirit, whereas economists tend to stress Rationality as amoral self-seeking behavior. For historians of science, thinking of Nature as the Objective Other has mostly...

... . The Idea of Racial Degeneracy in Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle . In Racism in the Eighteenth-Century , edited by Pagliaro Harold L. . Cleveland : Press of Case Reserve University . Smith Jay M. 2005 . Nobility Reimagined: The Patriotic Nation in Eighteenth-Century France . Ithaca...

... of the kingdoms formerly held by the nobility and transformed the ideology and practices of Span- ish imperialism. The strategy of the jurists was to oppose the nobility by replacing pri- vate law and old casuistry with public law expanding the sphere of public happiness. This transformation went together...

... but the nobility, which ac- counted for about 1 percent of the population, from hunting. This legis- lation was created with an important purpose: “The game laws were born out of a desire to enhance the status of country gentlemen in the bitter aftermath of the Civil War. Their message was that land...

... in agriculture but also in industry (2: 24.4). In his Nouveau principes he asserted that agriculture is most productive when the peasants enjoy full ownership of the land (1:147-90). In his Etudes (1:254-53, however, he defended the existence of a landed nobil- ity; in other words, he thought...

... in the Book Review 607 Italian case of the patriciate (a bourgeoisie that slowly assumed some aristocratic traits and prerogatives) and the nobility, which owed its loyalty to the princes. Mercantilist literature thus eventually originated not in the city-states-not even in Italy...

... the ruler he distinguishes three strata-the clergy. the nobility. and the com- mon people. Each has an assigned function. whose performance is essen- tial to the working of what he conceives as an organic whole. It follows that every person must engage in sgme activity useful to all...