Search Results for i.e

... of economists. It then uses “control as a viewpoint” from which to study the history of the two disciplines. It reveals why behaviorism did not meet consumer demand theory during the “ordinalist / revealed preferences revolution” of the 1930s (i.e., the behaviorist myth), despite common methodological...

..., this survey analyzes a series of elements within the HOPE literature set, and those related to the broader historiography of economics (i.e., including not only publications, but also conferences, workshops, the development of institutions, and several reactions to this research project). It uses...

... in detail of certain aspects of the Portuguese case finishes up by illustrating broader aspects of how Cameralism spread throughout Europe, showing that along with routes of influence there were also processes of convergence of ideas (i.e., ideas that experienced relatively autonomously combinations...

... framework and could not be based on Walrasian microfoundations. Hence the existence of a volteface. This volte-face is explained by putting the invariants of Clower’s thought (i.e., his search for microfoundations adapted to Keynesian macroeconomics, and his concerns with unstable dynamics) in perspective...

...Dorian Jullien This article aims to characterize the practices of historians of economics regarding the use of interviews, i.e., either the use of someone else's interviews as sources or the use of interviews conducted by the historian for her or his work. Correspondence may be addressed...

... which “modern” (i.e., twentieth-century) notions of market failure were developed. The idea that markets could fail to perform in ways that best promoted the larger interests of society is as old as economics itself, and the question of the appropriate scope to be given to private action and to its...

... an eternal life, which means that no optimal storage time or durability has to be determined. The Wicksell effect can be demonstrated by a few equations and a fig- ure. The volume of the plant (i.e., the volume or physical amount of cap- ital) is denoted by X.* The annual growth, Y...

... results from the availability of credit, demanding capital goods, i.e., real investment, in excess of current saving. Falling prices result from the opposite situation. The rate of interest which generates equilibrium in the capital market is called normal. Such a formulation of the theory...

..., i.e., the famous wine-storage problem. He extended the Wicksellian constant-returns model into a variable-re- turns model and introduced one additional equation which describes the condition for an optimal amount of labor. The aim of this note is to point at another way of closing...

..., however, the analysis moves to a less abstract level-i.e., closer to the concrete-in-thought-and commodities are now assumed to be produced under multiple conditions. It is here that Marx introduces the category market value in order to emphasize the opposition between individual and social...

..., if at all, reflect on how they went about it. In his excellent new mono- graph Jan Petersson distinguishes between an early, i.e., pre-1937, Swedish school doing the work and typified by Myrdal (1927), [1931 (1933), (1939 Lindahl (1929a), [1929b (1939, 111 [1930 (1939, II Ohlin (1934), and Lund...

... is such that “the expected proceeds are greater than the aggregate supply price, i.e. if D is greater than 2” (GT, 25). D and 2 are conceived of as different functions of N, and it is an equilibrium condition that N has the value at which D equals 2, i.e., that the employment is such that the amount of expected...

... different from that of modern interpretations. (ii) In the above numerical example, Ricardo assumed that labor productivity is generally, i.e., in both the cloth and the wine industries, lower in England, which seems to be the more advanced country, than in Portugal, which seems...

... call the prime cost. . . . We can then define the income of the entrepreneur as being the excess of the value of his finished output sold during the period over his prime cost . . . i.e., . . . his gross profit in the ordinary sense of this term [i.e., entrepreneur’s income = gross...

... in the first part. Savings, Consumption, and Income Distribution Much of Pareto’s sociology rests upon his distinction between two general personality types: individuals endowed with an “instiact of combinations,” i.e., with the ability to “create a new entity or associa- tion out...

... and new investment; the equilibrating rate of more money was placed at the disposal of the demand for interest is designated as normal and is assumed to conform capital goods, i.e., real investment, than corresponded to the real or natural rate, which is equal to the marginal simultaneously...

... occurring here is due to the use-value” (Capital 111: 621 ; emphasis added)? The key issue for this article and other contexts as well, is the rela- tion between ‘socially necessary labor time’ and ‘use value,’ i.e., whether the two concepts are independent or interrelated. It must...

... for losses. Now (in the Marshallian terms that Keynes used), profits are the difference between the “de- mand price” (i.e., market price) of a unit output and its bbsupply price” (i.e., cost of production). Hence the study of cyclical move- ments of output reduces to a study of the causes...

... was a variable. Its varia- tions are described explicitly in the core of his 1933 article, i.e., $0 6 through 8. Section 6 deals with the time sequence of price changes and examines the case of a sharp reduction of the propensity to save. The result of such a reduction may ‘be expanding physical output...

... by the neo-Wicksellians Erik Lin- dahl, Gunnar Myrdal, and Bertil Ohlin-but also about the origins of modern macroeconomics, i.e., the years before the publication of John Maynard Keynes’ General Theory (1936). * OTTO STEIGERis Professor of Economics at the University...