...Olessia Kirtchik This article is focused on the economic works of the Soviet machinelearning pioneer Emmanuil Braverman, who published, during the 1970s, a series of papers introducing disequilibrium fixed-price models of the Soviet economy. This highly original theory, developed independently from...

...Romain Plassard Robert W. Clower’s article “The Keynesian Counter-Revolution: A Theoretical Appraisal” (1965) was central to the transformation of Keynesian macroeconomics since it contributed to the emergence of fixed-price models, in the 1970s. Despite this influence, no scholar has proposed...

... and remaining errors are solely the author's. Copyright © 1996 by Duke University Press 1996 References Campanelli , Giuliana. 1982 . W. Whewell's Contribution to Economic Analysis: The First Mathematical Formulation of Fixed Capital in Ricardo's System. Manchester School of Economics...

... for critique and helpful suggestions. [HOPE Vol. 7 (1975) No. 31 The “classical dichotomy” in Ricardian economics M. A. Akhtar Macro-theorists continue to be interested in the alleged “classical dichotomy” of the pricing process. Until Keynesians...

...] 1983 . Prices and the Turnpike: The Story of a Mate's Nest. In Collected Essays on Economic Theory, vol. 3. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Helm , D. R. , M. Fg. Scott, and A. K. Sen. 1965 . Capital and Growth . Oxford: Clarendon. Helm , D. R. , M. Fg. Scott, and A. K. Sen. 1967 . Critical...

... York:Harper. Mankiw, N. Gregory. 1992 . Macroeconomics . New York: Worth. ____. 1997 . Principles of Economics . Fort Worth, Texas: Dryden. Mansfield, Edwin. 1992 . Economics . 7th ed. New York: Norton. Marschak, Jacob. 1951 . Income, Employment,and the Price Level . New York: Kelley...

... : . . . if wages, say, rise, the relative prices of goods into the production of which “hed capital’’ or “fixed capital” of high durability enter largely will fall, and the relative prices of goods which are produced chiefly by labour with less fixed capital or with fixed capital of a less...

...) and in the report of the Committee on Price Determi- nation of the National Bureau of Economic Research (1943, 101-13). In practice, the Federally mandated premia for overtime cause average 5. The widely used introductory text by F. M. Taylor (1921, 139) had pointed out how divisibility of the fixed...

... Prices: History, Criticism and Restatement . Cambridge, Mass. Einzig , Paul 1970 . The History of Foreign Exchange , 2d ed. London. Grice-Hutchinson , Marjorie 1952 . The School of Salamanca . Oxford. Grice-Hutchinson , Marjorie 1978 . Early Economic Thought in Spain 1177...

.... Eltis , W. 1984 . The Classical Theory of Economic Growth . London. Gordon , R. A. 1961 . Differential Changes in the Prices of Consumers' and Capital Goods. American Economic Review 51 ( December ): 937 -57. Hollander , S. 1980 . On Professor Samuelson's Canonical Classical...

... amounts and hence lead to relative price changes. Where profit taxes depend on accounting profits and not economic profits, a change in the value of money alters the tax burdens of various firms according to their ratios of fixed to circulating capital. The various differences be- tween economic...

...Jun-ji Shih Institute of the Three Principles of the People, Academia Sinica, Taipei TAIWAN. Copyright © 1989 by Duke University Press 1989 References Baumol , W. J. , and D. F. Bradford 1970 . ‘Optimal departures from marginal cost pricing.’ American Economic Review 60...

... in Railway Transportation (1 885), Economics (1 896), and several contributions to the Quarterly Journal 1. These characteristics are tractable enough and consist mainly in the existence of high fixed costs and specialized equipment which were the foundation of all sorts of pricing...

...: An Inquest. HOPE 27 : 1 -41. Dornbusch, R. 1971 . Notes on Growth and the Balance of Payments. Canadian Journal of Economics 4 : 389 -95. ____. 1973a . Currency Depreciation, Hoarding, and Relative Prices. Journal of Political Economy 81 : 893 -915. ____. 1973b . Devaluation, Money...

... By contrast, when the home economy is small in the sense that it faces fixed foreign relative prices (the usual sense), the optimum home equilibrium is supported by a home policy of free trade. 6. Slumps and the Zero or Negative Optimum Tariff Let us lookat the case for an import subsidy from...

... Historical Society , Madison . Carver Thomas N. 1919 . “ The Possibilities of Price Fixing in Time of Peace. ” American Economic Review 9 ( 1 ): 246 – 51 . Chasse John Dennis . 1991 . “ The American Association for Labor Legislation: An Episode in Institutionalist Policy Analysis...

.... In Keynesian economics, by contrast, it is assumed that there are no markets in future commodities, implying that traders must form expectations of the relevant future prices. In the case of capital prices, we will assume static expectations, while expected capital rentals are taken as exogenous...

... the exploitation of individual economic needs.” As we have seen, common estimation guarantees a just price because no individual circumstances, such as cost, gains, risks, or need, are con- sidered in the process of fixing prices. Individuals should respect the com- mon price. Justice depends on the manner...

... by Moggridge Donald , 360 – 69 . London : Macmillan . ———. ( 1936 ) 1973 . The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Vol. 7 of The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes . London : Macmillan . ———. 1943 . “ The Objective of International Price Stability .” Economic Journal...

... : 31 -59. Hollander , Samuel . 1968 . The Role of Fixed Technical Coefficients in the Evolution of the Wages-Fund Controversy. Oxford Economic Papers 20 . 3 : 320 -41. Hollander , Samuel . 1985 . The Economics of John Stuart Mill . Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Kurer , Oskar...