... the rethinking of the natural law foundations of the discipline. Understanding the political philosophical underpinnings of universal Cameral sciences, as they were formulated using the language of natural law, enables a new interpretation of the history of Cameralism. The shift from duties based on natural law...

... book, An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science , that academic economists should not indulge in such activity. The present essay describes how he fulfilled what he saw as his duty to use his expertise to enlighten nonexperts, especially once he became professor of economics...

... William J. Barber For roughly 80 percent of the first century and a quarter of the nation’s existence, the federal government imposed tariff duties on imported works of art. Among economists, this phenomenon has passed largely unremarked. The careful reader of such standard works as F. W. Taus...

... institutionalism and his own transaction cost framework. This time, however, he adds a critical remark. Despite its appeal, he argues, Commons’s study of transactions is not without its weakness. At issue is the nexus between Commons and Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld’s analysis of rights and duties. In William...

.... The servicing of the na- tional debt was costly, and the state had other large obligations. Its income was mainly from taxes on land and import duties. The fiscal problems were made worse by the deflation. Among the sectors of the economy, the most serious long-term problem was in agriculture...

... by over- caution a neglect which must be blamed in part on Marshall’s own reluctance to simplify and stylize. Discussion commences in section I1 with the repudiation of “economic man Marshall added to the economic motive the further motives of duty and desire for approbation. Sections I11...

... Temptation of running such Goods as paid high Duties. ([1728] in Davis 1964, 21) Aside from being one of the earliest references to a principle that has become known as the “Laffer Curve,” which shows that a tax or tariff Correspondence may be addressed to Bruce Bartlett, U.S. Treasury...

... diversion-through the wine duty preference. Trade diversion was harmful to the country which granted such preferences: When a nation binds itself by treaty either to permit the entry of certain goods from one foreign country which it prohibits from all others, or to exempt the goods of one...

... of David Ricardo , edited by P. Sraffa, with the collaboration of M. H. Dobb. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Salomons, David. 1839 . Reflections on the Operation of the present Scale of Duties for regulating the importation of Foreign Corn, addressed to the Borders of Kent and Sussex...

..., and the entire system of internal taxes and customs duties required revision. With respect to customs duties, however, revis- ing them did not imply dismantling them, or even necessarily adjusting them downward. From 1861 to 1865 the average tariff, measured in fi g- ure 1 as either the ratio of duties...

... agents. In his discussion of the expenses of the sovereign or commonwealth, Smith ([1776] 1976, 687–88) identifies three duties of the sovereign: that of protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies (689); that of protecting, as far as possible, every...

... in alleviating poverty. This theory allowed Scrope to fully integrate an organic paternalism and a utilitarian discourse of rights and duties into his political economy. Although Scrope was far from be- ing the first writer toattempt tounveil the secret concatenation, two features made his version distinctive...

... a duty to be hospitable to strangers. Foreigners and refugees cast out of their homes should be able to find refuge and comfort in foreign states. (3) Emerging out of the republican revival and the demographic revolution of the mid-seventeenth century, many commentators advocated for rapid growth...

..., as he suggests that Smith must have forgotten, for example, that he advocated certain regulations of interest rates and banks when he came to write book 5 on the duties of the sovereign (139). Notwithstanding Viner’s authority in the history of economics, the question of Smith’s views on the state...

... on the Income Tax Exemption and Inheritance Taxes: The Evidence Reconsidered Robert B. Ekelund Jr. and Douglas M. Walker A succession duty is the most unobjectionable mode of [statically and intertemporally redistributing wealth] . . . because in that way it is confined...

... summarizes his case against my interpretation thus: “There is no clear, unambiguous statement of recantation [by Malthus] on the Corn Laws. Although Malthus in 1826 recommended a reduction in the level of the duty on imported corn, the textual evidence so far produced [in Hollander 19921...

... duties or responsibilities. The title of the book originates with Levy’s contention that if economists lis- tened more closely to the conversations of ordinary people they would not have failed to appreciate the importance of approbation and might learn more in the future. The Homeric...

... theology, those with whom I sympathized [i.e., the Apos- tles] had no close agreement in conclusions . . . and my own opinions were for many years unsettled and widely fl uctuating. What was fi xed and unalterable and accepted by us all was the necessity and duty of examining the evidence...

... University Press . ———. 1991 . Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain, 1850–1930 . Oxford : Clarendon Press . ———. 2001 . “My Roles and Their Duties: Sidgwick as Philosopher, Professor, and Public Moralist.” In Henry Sidgwick , edited by Harrison Ross , 9...

... and accused Disraeli of disregarding all four.4 But he added: 2. Baysinger and Tollison, 207. 3. Ibid. 207 and 210-12. 4. The four principles were (1) to free the raw materials of industry from duty; (2) to remove or reduce protective duties, especially those on food; (3) to clear from...