..., and the problem of the dollar shortage. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of this early stage of Hirschman's intellectual biography, including a discussion of an unpublished proposal for the creation of a new European Monetary Authority developed under the auspices of Paul Hoffman...

...-fledged reform of the international monetary system, the Keynes Plan. 2. The Keynes Plan, the Dollar Shortage, and Monetary Equilibrium Keynes’s trilogy (the Tract [1923], the Treatise [1930], and the Gen- eral Theory [1936]) has been viewed as “The Saga of Man’s Struggle for Freedom from...

.... The book acquires substantially more order in the second half, or the last half-dozen chapters, where the drama of international monetary events-the movement from dollar shortage to dollar glut in Europe, the menaces to fixed exchange rates in the 1960’s, the attack on fixed rates by the Nixon...

..., fiduciary issues, rates of inflation, and exchange rates. The book acquires substantially more order in the second half, or the last half-dozen chapters, where the drama of international monetary events-the movement from dollar shortage to dollar glut in Europe, the menaces to fixed...

... in the final analysis. Pro- fessor de Cecco notes in this context the immediate post war threat of a dollar shortage and the failure of the economic powers to create sufficient interna- tional liquidity to allow deficit countries adequate room to adjust. Neverthe- less, the Americans were intent...

.... Friedman, M. 1951 . Commodity-Reserve Currency. Journal of Political Economy 59 : 203 -32. ———. 1953a . The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates. In Essays in Positive Economics , 157 -203. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ———. 1953b . Why the Dollar Shortage? Freeman 4.6 : 1 -5...

... 30.1 , pt. 1: 16 -32. ____. 1943 . Fundamentals of International Monetary Policy . Essays in International Finance, no. 2. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University, International Finance Section. ____. 1949 . The Cause and Cure of “Dollar Shortage.” Essays in International Finance, no. 10...

... . Princeton Studies in International Finance no. 28. Princeton, N.J., 1971 . Graham , Frank D. “The Theory of International Values”. Quarterly Journal of Economics 46 ( 1932 ): 581 -616. Graham , Frank D. “The Cause and Cure of ‘Dollar Shortage.’” In Essays in International Finance...

... .” In Marshall Plan Days , 33 – 45 . Winchester, Mass. : Allen and Unwin . ———. 1950 . The Dollar Shortage . New York : Wiley and Sons . ———. 1953 . International Economics . Homewood, Ill. : Irwin . ———. ( 1954 ) 1966 . “ The Role of the United States in the European Economy, 1919-1950...

... reports (1978,42), it made the third edition of Samuelson’s Principles. But when did it really percolate into British policy thinking? And how did it percolate: through the dollar-shortage-inspired literature on trade and growth as in Hicks’s inaugural, or through those large PRO files of letters...

... of licenses and quotas for imports and exports, and foreign exchange was allocated by central banks with commercial banks as agents (Tew 1988). The rationale for the maintenance of controls and bilateralism was the shortage of international reserves, especially dollars. After the Second World War...

... Theory of Employment, Interest and Money . Translated by Hongye Gao . Beijing : Commercial Publishing House . ( In Chinese .) Kindleberger Charles P. 1950 . The Dollar Shortage . New York : John Wiley . Klein Lawrence R. 1947 . The Keynesian Revolution . New York...

... in areas without labor shortages. [Editor’s note.] 2. To put this dollar figure and the ones in the ensuing discussion in context, $300 at the time Lerner was writing is approximately $4,300 in 2013 dollars. [Editor’s note.] Lerner / Design for a Streamlined War Economy 625...

... than “semi- serious”; the economic policy was more than “European,” and Keynes’s views about a possible shortage of gold and dollars had been evolving since 1941 (3:391).25 In the end, the position was set out in another Keynes memorandum, “Our Overseas Financial Prospects” and the chancellor...

... (2021) (1), this means A increases, giving way to a shortage of disposable funds in the credit and real investment markets that eventually results in falling demand. Once the demand falls, there is a need to reduce the stock of goods (E) by reducing prices. As sales are made at a lower price, the value...

.... Keynes’s steadfast support for fixed parities is manifest right up to his last article (1946) where in order to solve the dollar shortage he resorts to David Hume’s price-specie-flow mechanism, the epitome of classical the- ory, rather than to exchange rate flexibility (Cesarano 2003b, 509–15...

... into prominence. There is little reason to doubt that this tale (with local variations) was replicated at Australia’s other universities during the 1960s and after. Other factors need to be mentioned in this account of how American texts came to dominate during the 1960s. First, the dollar shortage...

... of “real debt”: The kernel of it all is that since the stock market crash we had had (1) over-indebtedness, (2) consequent distress selling to try to get out of debt, (3) consequent falling prices, deflation or a swelling dollar, (4) consequently an increase in the real debt...

... of revival were apparent, and it was precisely the strength of that revival that exacerbated the “dollar shortage’’ and balance of payments problems of western European countries (1984, chap. 1). Second, this revival of western Europe was sustained via dollar injec- tions, first by Marshall Aid...

... Edwin Burmeister), 220, Crum, W. L., 61 221, 265 Cutler, David, 119 Dodge, Joseph M., 355 The Dollar Shortage (Kindleberger), Dantzig, George, 303 357 Darity, William, Jr., 320, 321...