.... Dimand , R. W. , and M. A. Dimand 1992 . The Early History of the Theory of Strategic Games from Waldegrave to Borel. In Toward a History of Game Theory . Edited by E. R. Weintraub. Durham: Duke University Press. Fisher , R. A. 1934 . Randomisation, and an Old Enigma of Card Play...

.... Translated by L. Somer as Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk. Econometrica 22 (January): 23-36. Bertrand , Joseph. 1924 . Calcul des probabilités, éléments de la théorie des probabilités , 3d ed. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Borel , É. [1921] 1953 . La théorie du jeu...

.... Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions . New York, 1954 . Borel , E. Elements of the Theory of Probability . Translated by J. E. Freund. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1965 . Borel , E. “On Games that Involve Chance and the Skill of the Players,” trans. L. J. Savage. Econometrica 21...

... Phinney . 1946 . Scientists against Time . Boston: Little, Brown. Blackwell , D. , and M. A. Girschick. 1954 . Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions . New York: Wiley. Borel , Émile . 1914 . Le Hazard . Paris: Alcan. Borel , Émile . [1921] 1953 . La théorie du jeu et...

... Fouraker on, 268-69, 272-74 284 Index Bargaining set, 219 Borel, bile Batonnets (game), 45 academic and political career, 19, Baumol, William, 152 31-33 Bavelas, Alex, 190 applications of games, skepticism Behavioral ecology, 191...

... on record, in that Moral Sciences Club meeting [in November 1926], to propose a definition of probability as a numerical representation of an individual s subjective degree of belief is debatable; see, for instance, Borel 1924: 332 33. Incidentally, E mile Borel came up with the idea (which, admittedly, he...

... . “ The Early History of the Theory of Strategic Game from Waldegrave to Borel .” In Toward a History of Game Theory , edited by Weintraub Eliot Roy , 15 – 27 . Durham, NC : Duke University Press . Dimand Robert Dimand Mary Ann . 1995 . “ Von Neumann and Morgenstern in Historical...

... , Joseph . 1889 . Calcul des Probabilités, Eléments de la Théorie des Probabilités . Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Borel , Emile . 1924 . Sur les jeux où interviennent l'hasard et l'habilité des joueurs. Élements de la Théorie des probabilités . 3d ed. rev. et augm. Paris: Librairie...

... was likely motivated by the French mathematician Émile Borel, who had been working on the theory of games since the early 1920s and who believed that games could be used to study economic and military problems (Leonard 2010 ; Dimand and Dimand 1996 ). As a matter of fact, von Neumann was aware of Borel's...

... . Forman Paul . 1987 . Behind Quantum Electronics: National Security as a Basis for Physical Research in the U.S. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 18 : 149 – 229 . Frechet Maurice . 1953 . Emile Borel, Initiator of the Theory of Psychological Games . Econometrica 21 : 95...

.... The theorem and its relation to the theory of convex sets were far from being obvious; wit- ness the following facts: a) In 1921, and thereafter, Borel surmised the theorem to be false or possibly false. b) In 1928, I proved the theorem by observing its relation...

... . John von Neumann and Modern Economics . Oxford: Clarendon. Dreyfus , Herbert . 1988 . Mind over Machine , rev. ed. New York: Free Press. Feyerabend , Paul . 1975 . Against Method . London: NLB Books. Fréchet , Maurice . 1953 . Émile Borel, Initiator of the Theory...

... Center for Mathematical Philosophy 10.1215/00182702-9395128 References Borel, E mile. 1924. A propos d un traite de probabilite s. Revue philosophique de la France et de l e tranger 98: 321 36. Duarte, Pedro. 2009. Frank Ramsey: A Cambridge Economist. History of Politi- cal Economy 41, no. 3: 445 70...

... of games circa 1944 to the von Neumann paper of 1928 to the Bore1 papers of 1921-27. Their argument concerns the priority claim asserted by, and generally “awarded” to, John von Neumann. The issues are fairly clear in this presentation, namely that Borel’s contributions are underappreciated...

... reframed the problem as one analogous to statistical mechanics, and thereby benefi ted from some of its advances. If Alchian famously illustrated his argument with a bio- logical analogy, he also developed a metaphor taken from French mathe- matician and statistician Emile Borel: Suppose two...

... Dauphiné a l'époque de la fusion [On the value of the Dauphiné railway stock at the time of the merger]. Paris: Castel. Borel, L. 1835 . Traité de la Bourse et de la spéculation [A treatise on the stock exchange and speculation]. Paris. Brasilier, Adolphe Pierre. 1891 . Théorie...

... of the Collected Writings (1983). ———. 1909b . Recent Economic Events in India. Economic Journal 19 : 51 -67. In vol. 11 of the Collected Writings (1983). ———. 1910a . Review of Éléments de la Théorie des Probabilités, by Emile Borel. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 73 : 171 -72...

..., which he had found in a book by Borel: “Both are unknown to Johnny. Now he has discovered additional proofs that are becoming increasingly simple and are purely algebraic! ! It necessitates some modification in the text, but we can print it” (24 December 1941, OMPD). It seems that von...

...-scientific inventions of the twentieth century. Unlike many contributions to social science which rely on or are applications of some preexisting theory, game theory was developed by von Neumann and Morgenstern ex nihilo. Despite some similar work by Emile Borel, there are almost no precur- sors...

... and the 6. Debreu also collaborated with Israel Herstein (Debreu and Herstein 1953) and was in personal contact with Saunders MacLane and Armand Borel. Düppe / Gerard Debreu’s Secrecy 427 applied and was thus decisive for Cowles’s claim to nonpartisan authority when...