... of chess, and the rules of the game are, say, the laws of logic. In that case I have yet another game and not a metagame.-Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Remarks Turing’s ‘machines.’ These machines are in fact human beings who calcu- late.-Wittgenstein quoted in Shankar...

... to use this term as a reference to a machine, though Turing still used the term computer to refer to a human with paper (Soare 1996: 291). (Turing machine) and proved the equivalence of (1) and (2); (3) Turing proved the unsolvability of Hilbert s Entscheidungsproblem . . . ; (4) Turing proposed...

... mechanics, Claude Shannon’s work on transmission channel capacity, Alan Turing’s work on computation and code breaking, Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics, and Henry Quastler’s work on the genetic Machine Dreams: Economic Agents as Cyborgs 23 code. But before our own narrative...

... of, 86, 871110 also Utility, cardinal zero-sum assumption, 140 Tucker, Albert, 59, 152, 155, 173, Thibaut, John, 190 23 3-34 300 Index Turing, Alan, 123 “Sur le thiorie ginCrale des jeux oil Turing machine, 124, 125-26...

... to be boundedly rational. For instance, rational agents may be replaced with computing devices such as Turing machines, finite automata, or neural network algorithms. Players’ rationality is bounded in the sense that they cannot consider strategies other than those that can be played by these computing...

...-Adelmans test, 5 Statist, 218, 225 Turing machines, 28, 33n Stein, Peter, 96, 97 Turing test, 73 Stevens, S., 151-52, 159 Tustin, A., 48, 57 Stiglitz, Joseph, 280 Tversky, Amos, 159 stigma effects...

... thought which could survive the great skepticism regard- ing formalization (Ulam 1976, 241-42). One can observe this in his concern over the issue of the lack of separation of the observer and the experiment in quantum mechanics; in his fascination with the Turing machine understood as an ideal machine...

... in its foreign trade, indi- cated that a significant increase in its manufacturing skills could in- duce a shift of resources into the production and export of manufac- tures and away from shipbuilding, in which he assumed it previously had had a comparative advantage and still had...

... of competitive market theory. In the New Industrial State, this incompatibility has resulted in the complete disappearance of the individual entrepreneur from the ‘ ‘ ma- ture industrial enterprise.”4 In the New Order, the process of reas- signing traditional entrepreneurial functions is well under way...

.... Musselman, E. G. 2002 . The Governor and the Telegraph: Mental Management in British Natural Philosophy. In Bodies/Machines , edited by I. Morus, 67 -92. Oxford: Berg. Palfrey, D. S. 2003 . The Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge University, 1848-1860. PhD diss. , Cambridge University. Pocock, J...

... Modern Macroeconomics: Exploring Disequilibrium Foundations, 1956-2003 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Mirowski P. 2002 . Machine Dreams: Economics Becomes a Cyborg Science . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Weintraub E. R. 1979 . Microfoundations...

... ): 309 -46. Clark, Evans. 1928 . March of the Machine Makes Idle Hands. New York Times , 26 February , sec. 9, p. 3 . Committee on Recent Economic Changes. 1929 . Recent Economic Changes in the United States: Report of the Committee on Recent Economic Changes of the President's Conference...

..., and Ronald L. Meek. 1972 . Quesnay's Tableau Économique . Translated by Marguerite Kuczynski and Ronald L. Meek. London: Macmillan. La Mettrie, Julien Offray de. [1748] 1912 . Man a Machine . Translated by M. W. Calkins. La Salle,Ill.: Open Court. Lindeboom, G. A. 1968 . Herman Boerhaave:The Man...

... of nature partly arises from na- ture appearing to be coherent. This appearance of coherence is given to nature by human philosophy. In this sense, philosophy, a human art, gives magnificence to nature, in the eyes of mortal humans. Moreover, “according as they have failed or succeeded...

... relationship between Quesnayand History of Political Economy 36:3 © 2004 byDuke UniversityPress. 446 Historyof Political Economy36:3 (2004) In the eighteenth century, rational recreations served as artistic creations, magical artifacts, engineering machines, pedagogical devices, and tools...

... in the philosophical journal Mind, Turing asked the question, “Can machines think?” Turing didn’t answer this question directly but replaced it by another: The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the “imitation game.” It is played with three people...

... of Wicksell a source of inspiration and relevant comment. In no area is this state- ment more appropriate than when discussing Wicksell’s contributions to the theory of capital. The present article examines an interesting fea- ture of Wicksell’s treatment of durable goods. Attention is called...

... the litera- ture on the topic. Some figures and ideas are discussed in depth, with the authors responding, it seems, to the existing scholarly literature, while others are skimmed over and do not get even cursory textbook treatments. The second reason is that the goal of the book...

... as they were reading the litera- ture on the topic. Some figures and ideas are discussed in depth, with the authors responding, it seems, to the existing scholarly literature, while others are skimmed over and do not get even cursory textbook treatments. The second reason is that the goal of the book...

... as they were reading the litera- ture on the topic. Some figures and ideas are discussed in depth, with the authors responding, it seems, to the existing scholarly literature, while others are skimmed over and do not get even cursory textbook treatments. The second reason is that the goal of the book...