... organization cost-benefit analysis systems analysis PPBS References American Presidency Project . 1962 . “ John F. Kennedy: Special Message to the Congress on Transportation .” http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=8587 . Anderson Robert C. Kobrin Paul . 1998 . Environmental...

... these differences, William A. Niskanen’s economic- based work on bureaucracy from the 1970s usefully contrasts with the economics of the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) introduced by RAND in the 1960s. Niskanen himself was part of the RAND PPBS experiment within the Department of Defense...

... (PPBS) at the Department of Defense by the RAND economists Alain Enthoven and Charles Hitch offered a timely opportunity. The planning system was the outcome of the operational research con- ducted at the RAND Corporation in the 1950s. PPBS was a tool designed to implement rational, cost...

... prematurely or without adequate consideration of all the major alternatives" (Hitch 1963,5). 24. Wohlstetter too was invited, but he declined the offer. In the Department of Defense, Hitch became comptroller, Enthoven became assistant secretary for defense (PPBS), and Rowen became budget director. War...

... guided by clomumer preferences, few Americans today would deny that systematic social and economic planning of the “indioabive” type is a necessary func- tion of federal government. Indeed, long steps already have been taken in this dilreotion by a wider application of the PPB (planning...

... The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age, written by the RAND econo- mists Charles Hitch and Roland McKean. In 1961, Hitch became comp- troller at the Defense Department, where he implemented a new defense budgeting framework called the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) and created...

.... In The Analysis and Evalua- tion of Public Policy The PPB System: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Subcommittee on Economy in Government of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, 47 64. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Of€ce for the Joint Economic Committee. Arrow, Kenneth J...