... toward international monetary integration. We argue that Triffin’s experience with the European Payments Union (EPU) played hereby a crucial role. Triffin was not only an “architect” of the EPU, but the EPU also led to an important shift in Triffin’s view of the geography of the international monetary...

... of European postwar reconstruction and the creation of a new world economic order. Given his deep knowledge and prewar experiences, Italy and France were his first areas of specialization, although Hirschman soon contributed to the analysis of the Marshall Plan, the shaping of the European Payments Union...

... order, clearly showing Tinbergen's doubts about European integration. Lastly, Pierre-Hernan Rojas goes into the origins of Triffin's contributions to European monetary cooperation, giving special attention to the European Payments Union. This volume, edited by Alexandre M. Cunha and Carlos Eduardo...

... of Economic Union . London: George Allen and Unwin. ____. 1957 . The Balance-of-Payments Problems of a European Free-Trade Area. Economic Journal 67 : 379 -96. Mikesell, Raymond F. 1947 . The Role of the International Monetary Agreements in a World of Planned Economies. Journal of Political...

... unions pursued an aggressive wage policy partly in order to bring about the downfall of Italian industry in the hope of fostering rapid political change. At the theoretical level the literature (see esp. Knoester and Van der Windt 1987) has adapted to this peculiarity of European labor...

...: 251 55. Huemer, Michael. 2012. The Problem of Political Authority. London: Palgrave Mac- millan. Ikeda, Yukihiro. 2008. Carl Menger s Monetary Theory: A Revisionist View. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 15, no. 3: 455 73. Jaffrey, East. 1926. Review of The State Theory of Money...

..., of course, that under a system where indexation was the only mode of wage increases, real wages could be eroded even under a steady-state rate of inflation—see figure 2. But indexation payments are never the only mode of nominal wage increases, especially in a heavily unionized environ- ment...

... . 2d ed. London: Routledge. Einaudi, Luca. 2000 . From the Franc to the“Europe”: The Attempted Transformation of the Latin Monetary Union into a European Monetary Union, 1865-1873. Economic History Review 53.2 : 284 -308. ____. 2001 . Money and Politics: European Monetary Unification...

... . Progress through Crisis? Proceedings of the Conference for the 20th Anniversary of the Establishment of the European Monetary Institute . Frankfurt am Main : European Central Bank . Review Essay Central Banking through the Centuries Ivo Maes Central Banks at a Crossroads: What Can We Learn from...

... the Keynesian Revolution: Studies of the Inter-war Literature on Money, the Cycle, and Unemployment . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ____. 2002 . Skidelsky's Keynes: A Review Essay. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 9.1 : 97 -110. Lange, Oskar. 1938 . The Rate of Interest...

... Clark. In the same vein, by 1945 a “New Economics” had emerged-the Keynesian Revolution-and it, too, had become internationalized. The economists who gathered at Bretton Woods to create the IMF and the World Bank, the Europeans as well as the Americans, were all Keyne- sians and had...

... was much exercised by the first moves toward Western Euro- pean economic and political integration. Since 1940 he had been disil- lusioned with the idea of a European federation. He also disliked the idea of a customs union, since it was a mixture of free trade and protec- tion. Hence when the French...

...” (Keynes 1980a, 323–24). 23. These points recur over and over again in the successive drafts of the Clearing Union (1980a, 30, 49, 93, 138, 168) as well as in a speech to a meeting of the European Allies, February 26, 1943 (1980a, 208), in which it was argued that the problem of speculation would...

... of Payments Systems: From Barter to Electronic Money , edited by M. Latzer and S. Schmitz. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Stenkula, M. 2003 . Carl Menger and the Network Theory of Money. European Journal of Economic Thought 10.4 : 587 -606. Ullmann-Margalit, E. [1978] 2002 . Invisible Hand Explanations...

... on indulgences and balance-of-payment constraints waged by the humanists and early reformers of the 1520s thus “created” the Reformation of 1517. These debates also stood at the heart of a long proto-Keynesian tradition in Continental European economic thought that emphasized, since the Middle Ages, the need...

..., the director of the Glasgow Union Banking Company, describing the organization of the clearing mecha- nism in Scotland. Tooke (1848, 257) mentions the exchange and clearing of notes in several cities in England, several times a week. Fullarton (1845, 46) mentions interbank balances paid with specie...

... to review systematically the problem of the optimal allocation of resources in a socialist economy, acknowledged that Itdy was the only European country in which the problem had been adequately discussed.6 However, it cannot %e said that Italian economists took full...

... extent, international finance and the theory of custom unions. If this is a valid assumption, the ensuing discussion of economic integration will be a most stimulating one. My suggestion would be to leave word that you are not to be disturbed and enjoy, enjoy. If the assumption is not valid...

... History” (six lectures) covered four lectures on the “history of coinage, debase- ments, the great nineteenth century experiment with bimetallism, the Latin Union, etc and two lectures on paper money in France, including John Law, the assignats , and the late-nineteenth-century period...

... examine economists’ ideas about structural adjustment across socialist eras—from 1920s Weimar Germany and the Soviet Union to midcentury socialist Yugoslavia and the post-1964 UN Conference on Trade and Development—and explore the origins of what we know today as structural adjustment policies...