... state was surprisingly successful in mobilizing and retaining soldiers as it faced the formidable challenges of modern mass warfare. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press 2015 Drawing on ideas of positivist social hygiene, Bolivian leaders had implemented obligatory military service at the...

... counterinsurgent warfare against the Shining Path and its presumed supporters. These cases reveal that many Ayacuchanos profoundly distrusted their police and court systems. That was especially true for impoverished—and predominantly rural and indigenous—men and women who could not afford lawyers or bribes...

... that Aztec warfare was a purely ritual practice for the objective of capturing enemies for sacrifice … this assertion has been shown to be both overstated and too simplistic” (p. 6). Similarly, for the Andean world, the book promises to take issue with the “problematic assumptions” that warfare was...

... by Duke University Press 2015 In the past decades, historians of Latin America have shown renewed interest in the political, fiscal, and commercial effects of imperial reforms and warfare in altering the relationship between Spain and its American colonies. Historians often emphasize the...

..., is new historiographic territory. Bess explains the technical aspects of his subject for a nontechnical readership without descending into complex jargon. The end of revolutionary warfare in Mexico coincides closely with the emergence of new transport technology, which then created a need for...

... communities, and the institutions of representative democracy has been fraught: the area became a hotbed for urban guerrilla warfare during the violent political cycle of the 1960s under the Betancourt and Leoni administrations, and after the pacificación of President Rafael Caldera, community activism on...

... historian Laura Prado Acosta traces these relations throughout five stages in the party's history: international Communism's Third Period of the early 1930s, when Communists stressed class warfare; the Popular Front years; the amplified Popular Front period that spanned World War II; the first Peronist...

... “followed the traditional pattern of Third World raw material exports controlled by foreigners” (p. 34). In chapters 3 through 5, Henderson details the cartels' war against the state, the guerrilla warfare, and the paramilitary offensive, respectively. Using a narrative style that includes profuse empirical...

... 1960s. Young Venezuelans, inspired by the Cuban Revolution, engaged in guerrilla warfare and urban terrorism, creating havoc and suffering in the country. The United States supplied over $60 million in credits and grants for military equipment and training to aid in the fight against the violent Left...

... against an ingrained macho culture corresponded with her open warfare against her husband and her resistance to the cultural, political, and ideological machinery he both headed and represented. It is a delicious and insightful premise, which highlights unavoidable aspects, rarely discussed like any...

... toward the United States, and the domestic imperatives of the war and immediate postwar years through 1921. The timing of events depended on both military operations in Europe and diplomatic trends in the Americas. Great Britain's naval blockade of Germany in 1915 and German submarine warfare in response...

... environments. Ambitious in scope, the book's nine chapters span five centuries and traverse the far reaches of the planet while demonstrating how this untidy product of the upwelling ecosystem off the Peruvian coast helped give rise to industrial agriculture, modern warfare, and the conservationist ideas that...

... and political legitimacy through direct action and the redeployment of Spanish legal devices, they effectively undermined local colonial domination. This destabilization of Spanish rule was in fact under way even before racially polarized warfare swept across the high plateau and valleys in late...

... States' imports. Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Board of Economic Warfare (BEW) cast about for alternative sources to supply nearly one million tons of the material essential for seals, tubes, and, most importantly, tires for automobiles and airplanes. The president's Rubber Survey Committee quickly...

... captured or sunk. Once German submarine warfare brought the United States into the war in April 1917, the Americans purchased the Caribbean islands of St. Thomas and St. John from Denmark and destroyed HAPAG headquarters on St. Thomas. By the war's end, the company had lost all its properties and...

... earliest artistic representations (pp. 203–26). Her brilliant insight highlights that the indigenous theatrical performances surrounding Guadalupe, recorded in auxiliary paintings at the shrine, included scenes of ritualized warfare that may have acted subversively to challenge colonial authority — a...

... middle class in Argentina. The book begins with a discussion of middle-class views on Peronism, and then each chapter examines reactions to a specific type of activism and political struggle: student and labor protest, guerrilla warfare, and civilian and military rule. The final chapter analyzes...

... military leader—and Carranza, the political leader of the revolution, the Carrancistas walked out of the meeting, convinced that Villa's military strength placed them at a disadvantage. Thus commenced a fresh and even more destructive round of warfare ended only by the definitive triumph of the...

... “young officers to lead the country forward” (p. 129). They “learned a scientific and rational approach to modern warfare and a shared military lore that . . . molded their worldview” (p. 129). Their destiny would be to direct Mexico “away from tradition and toward the progress they saw in London or...

... heavily regulated national capitalism. They also substituted political myths for substantiated facts. Inherent to fascism was its persecution of perceived enemies and exaltation of violence and warfare. Variants of fascism borrowed from and competed with each other. Finchelstein combines original...