Search Results for ganane

...James D. Riley The first case of importance involved two gañanes of the hacienda of San Bernabé in Apam, who were found by their master to be living in Tlatelolco in 1738. 47 Their older sister had brought them to live in the city when they were young children after their parents died...

... observations are corroborated by legal sources demonstrating local obraje owners to be on the defensive in combating Indian labor mobility. 62 A lawsuit originating in 1865 is particularly illustrative of the process by which some conciertos—variously called gañanes (farmhands)— changed employers...

... occupations including transportation workers, operarios, obreros , and gañanes . Bakers and brick masons were for the most part poorly paid itinerant unskilled laborers. 80 Servants in private homes made up the final category. It is here, in the last three categories, that things get interesting...

... tenants who rented land from the hacienda, as well as cattle owners who received grazing rights from the hacienda and in return rented out their oxen to the tenants. The tenants employed a large group of laborers to work their lands. These gañanes or inditos , as they were called, constituted...

... Gañanes of 1785, he also observes that “when the courts discovered legitimate debts were owed, the Indians were ordered either to pay or to work. Alcaldes mayores and subdelegados showed little reluctance to pursue debtors.” “Crown Law and Rural Labor in New Spain: The Status of Gañanes during...

... that they are for the main part farmhands [ gañanes ], are more in need of the quiet of the countryside for their daily work than of the bustle that perverts and distracts them.” 34 This was a nostalgic conservatism, harkening back to a time when arms had labored and harvests ripened under the warm sun of landlord...

... líneas y lo desee, recurra a dichas cartas. 9 [Inserted in ink.] 10 Se puede decir que la Holanda es casi la única que hace este tráfico, y aún ésta lo va perdiendo diariamente; la Ingla terra y la Francia, que son las potencias más traficantes, es muy poco lo que ganan en semejante...

... of the Conquest period. (The workers’ names at this time were “gañán” in Mexico and still “yanacona” in Peru.) But they were still aided by a large seasonal influx of laborers from the independent Indian villages, impelled now by direct economic considerations rather than by encomienda obligation. Sometimes...

... of the population. Further proof of Indian land solvency is indirectly provided by evidence that relatively few Indians of the area became resident laborers (gañanes) on adjacent haciendas. In 1801 the subdelegate reported that out of a total tributary population for Metztitlán and its sujetos of 3,497...

... Ibid . 71 Los gañanes de la hacienda del Rosario contra Juan José Ferraud, arrendatario de la misma, sobre malos tratamientos y liquidación de salarios, AGN Tierras, 1216, exp. 1, fol. 81. 72 AGN, Subdelegados, 14, exp. 12, fol. 1-51. ...

... o de Capilla y enseñar Musica a los Cantores que concurren y ganan salario en el dho coro se nombra para que siruia el dho oficio de mro de Capilla.” 83 Ibid ., fol. 55. 84 Ibid ., fol. 261v. An act of January 5, 1699, states that José Ortuño had been promoted to chapelmaster two...

... their stranglehold in “Apologético defensorio y puntual manifiesto . . . 1657,” AGN, Historia 316. On hired labor ( naboríos gañanes) , see the accounts in Cuentas de la Real Caja de Durango, May 22, 1599, AGI, Contaduría, 980-982. The question of whether missionaries should pay Indians for work on mission lands...

... to the government. Although later sources, an economic census in 1866 and the national demographic census of 1869 reported a number of ranchers (estancieros) and some property owners, along with a larger proportion of peons and laborers ( gañanes ). 60 The landed properties and the richest individuals were...

... a key role in tying Indians from the villages—gañanes, conciertos or whatever they were called—to the estates. 73 But Charles Gibson, in his work on the Valley of Mexico, concludes that this was not so in this central area prior to Independence. For Gibson the reason was simple enough. The hacienda...

...; “Obligaron a vender alimentos,” El Siglo (Santiago), 30 Sept. 1946. 40. “Quince mil personas adquieron aceite y azúcar,” El Siglo (Santiago), 3 Oct. 1946; “Ochenta mil litros de aceite se repartieron en una semana,” El Siglo (Santiago), 26 Nov. 1946; “Más de un millón de pesos semanales ganan...

... colonial tradition, allowed the wife to recover full management of all of her own property, including her half of the gananciales. Thus, the protection granted dowry from a husband’s mismanagement was now extended to any of her property, as well as the ganan-ciales. She still needed his permission...