... low-cost health care through the centros, while another 37 percent were eligible, due to poverty, for free medical care in one of the city's public clinics. 26 This left the 1,200 physicians practicing in the capital competing for less than a quarter of the urban population who purchased medical...

...Paul Lachance Blue Coat or Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue. By stewart r. king. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001. Maps. Tables. Figure. Appendixes. Notes. Bibliography. Index. xxvi, 328 pp. Cloth, $45.00. 2003 by Duke University Press 2003 Book...

...Jorge I. Domínguez Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and the Rise of the Free Press in Mexico. By chappell h. lawson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Figures. Tables. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. xiv, 287 pp. Cloth, $50.00. Paper, $19.95. 2004 by Duke University...

...James E. Sanders 2004 by Duke University Press 2004 “Citizens of a Free People”: Popular Liberalism and Race in Nineteenth-Century Southwestern Colombia James E. Sanders “ All that belong to the Liberal Party in the Cauca are people of the pueblo bajo (as they are generally called...

...Herman L. Bennett Bearing Arms for His Majesty: The Free-Colored Militia in Colonial Mexico. By ben vinson iii. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Maps. Tables. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. xvi, 304 pp. Cloth, $60.00. 2004 by Duke University Press 2004 Book Reviews General...

...Herbert S. Klein Not of Pure Blood: The Free People of Color and Racial Prejudice in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico. By jay kinsbruner. Durham:Duke University Press, 1996. Maps. Tables. Figures. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. xvi, 176 pp. Cloth, $44.95. Paper, $15.95. 2000 by Duke University...

...Herbert S. Klein; Francisco Vidal Luna 2000 by Duke University Press 2000 HAHR 80.4_12 Klein_Luna 1/4/01 2:27 PM Page 913 Free Colored in a Slave Society: São Paulo and Minas Gerais in the Early Nineteenth Century...

...Keila Grinberg Abstract As the Atlantic slave trade came to an end in Brazil in the 1850s, a new form of trafficking began across the borders of Brazil and its neighboring countries. Free persons—mainly women and children living in small communities in Uruguay and Argentina—were kidnapped to be...

...Fidel J. Tavárez Abstract After implementing comercio libre (free internal trade) in 1778, the Spanish crown endeavored to create multiple new consulados (chambers of commerce) to facilitate commercial exchange within Spain's Atlantic territories. However, while the crown established new...

...Renato P. Colistete This article examines the relations between the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and its local allies in Brazil during the 1950s and early 1960s. Devised as a tool for uniting non-Communist trade unions worldwide, the ICFTU saw its influence limited by US...

...Chloe Ireton Abstract Hundreds of Castilian free black men and women obtained royal travel licenses to cross the Atlantic in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries as black Old Christians. They settled across the Spanish Indies and developed trades as artisans, traders, sailors, healers, and...

... work linked to varied representations of emancipation in Rio de Janeiro in the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth. The article discusses the ways in which slave emancipation and the preparation for free labor drew the attention of religious educators and...

... conditions imposed on their lives. This article argues that they fundamentally shaped Potosí's labor system. I analyze, then, the interaction between coerced and free labor— mitayos and mingas —and emphasize their interconnection with k'ajchas (self-employed workers) and the rudimentary ore mills known as...

... venues in which black men were judged as members of a free society. Some musicians played samba and a number used malandragem, the lifestyle and ethos of flashy, masculine, malandro hustler figures, to cater to audience desires and also to distinguish themselves from caricatures of sickly, weak vadios...

... mutual protection and hierarchy that helped leverage Chile's invasion to replace coolie arrangements with Chinese-controlled subcontracting and free peonage. Copyright © 2018 by Duke University Press 2018 On January 11, 1881, hundreds of Chinese men swore a solemn oath to join with the Chilean army as...

..., reshaped the political landscape for free people of color, and fueled slave rebellions from the US South to Venezuela. Building on recent studies of interimperial migration in the Greater Antilles, Kit Candlin offers a compelling portrait of Britain's “frontier colonies” of Grenada, Trinidad, and Demerara...

... major uprisings that swept through several Brazilian cities and rural areas during the imperial period, this collection seeks to examine the ways in which free poor and freed populations of color engaged with, resisted, and negotiated the often tumultuous process of state formation at the national...

... . Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press 2016 In Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico , Tatiana Seijas untangles complex ethnic terminologies, juridical debates, and economic demands to show how Asian passengers of the Manila galleon, slave or free, came to be designated under Spanish imperial law as indios...

...- cording to most scholars’ interpretations of that view, the plantation household was dominated by a white male patriarch, the planter, and brought together not only his immediate family—wife and legitimate children—but also his nonwhite mistress or mistresses (either free or, more often, slave women...

... defender of the poor, Indians, and slaves), Don Pedro Gonzalez Cortina, to lay out Fran- cisca’s claim that she was a free woman held illegally as a slave. According to this unofficial advocate, Francisca had been born to a free mother in the interior city of...