There is something for everyone in this skillfully edited selection of the papers and comments delivered before the Sixth International Colloquium of Luso-Brazilian Studies. Among the 27 principal essays there are contributions on Brazilian and Portuguese literature; linguistics of Galician, Portuguese, and Brazilian; teaching Portuguese as a foreign language. History is well covered: the Portuguese attitudes toward her overseas expansion; the beginning of modernization in Brazil; the Old Republic; sources of Portuguese history in New England; and growth and change in Brazil since 1930. In addition are topics of current concern, such as Brazilian popular Catholicism; economic growth, politics and social evolution in Brazil; the business elite in Portugal; Brazilian geography; and the development of the Zambezi basin in recent times. The fine arts are represented by the architectural significance of the reconstruction of Lisbon after 1755; architecture and wood sculpture of North Portugal 1750-1850; Brazilian art in the same period, music in Imperial Brazil; and Portuguese music overseas to 1650. A little science also appears: medical education in Brazil; and Portuguese contribution to public health in the tropics. Every essay is worth reading and study, as are the comments on the contributions, and the introduction by Raymond S. Sayers provides the best available review of the work.

The theme of the Colloquium is expressed in the title. One of the announced objectives, to anticipate twenty more years of fruitful research, calls us to reflect on the strong influence exerted by the Colloquia since the first was held in Washington in 1950 under the aegis of such men as Lewis Hanke and Francis M. Rogers. At that time the teaching of Portuguese as a language and of Portuguese and Brazilian history, ethnology, sociology, and anthropology was minimal. We were, in the main, Spanish-centered in our studies; so were the Spaniards and Spanish-Americans. Sayers rightly points out that the cultural affinity of Portugal and Brazil is far stronger than the geographical ties between Brazil and Spanish America. Certainly the Colloquia have helped us in the United States to get a more balanced view of the Hispanic culture; and perhaps they have done something to stimulate reciprocal interests between the Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking areas.

Much is in this volume that will prove novel, or even arouse disagreement among those not acquainted with Portuguese or Brazilian views. One of its main assets may be just this—to provoke disagreement as a stimulus to study. Those inclined to discount the Portuguese assessment of their own achievements as mere chauvinism could reflect that the Portuguese and Brazilian are not more nationalistic than the English, the Argentines or the North Americans. Less accustomed to hearing some of their views, we are sometimes led to unthinking rejection. Here is the chance to read sympathetically the best-informed academic scholars bringing much new knowledge in an expanding field of study.