Whereas in Cuba in the late nineteenth century, in the words of Louis A. Pérez Jr., a “social amalgam” fought an insurrection to expel Spain and eliminate the creole planter bourgeoisie and in Mexico a full-scale factionalized agrarian revolution took place a few years after, in Peru’s años diez an era of “agrarian social revolution,” with a forceful call for “the social redemption of the Indian” (or the indigenous peoples in today’s politically correct language), was also brewing. This is the focus of Carlos Arroyo Reyes’s new book, which focuses on three aspects of it: (1) the organization and development of the Asociación Pro-Indígena, with special attention to the role of Pedro S. Zulen; (2) the Indian uprising led by Rumi Maqui Ccori Zoncco; and (3) the efforts of Abraham Valdelomar to develop some form of “modernist Incaism.” The book avoids the baroque jargon of much postmodernist research and instead...

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