As the title suggests, this edited volume brings together a collection of historiographical essays that analyze and evaluate the extant literature concerning the Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru between 1680 and 1740. The editor, the French scholar of the Hispanic world Bernard Lavallé, starts from the premise that the 60-year period under consideration in the volume remains underexplored by historians of colonial Latin America. To be sure, Lavallé recognizes the recent contributions of scholars like Kenneth Andrien, Allan Kuethe, and Adrian Pearce, to name a few of the most relevant, but he suggests that this scholarship has focused almost exclusively on the Bourbon reforms. Instead, Lavallé emphasizes the internal development—political, economic, and cultural—of Spanish American territories between 1680 and 1740, a period in which the autonomy that the Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru had secured during the second half of the seventeenth century became increasingly threatened by a...

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