Over the past decade, critics have questioned how algorithms organize digital ecosystems and produce social relations in media, politics, and society. In their work, these critics complicated public understandings of algorithms—reliant on ideas about objectivity, neutrality, and scientific precision—to reveal the human logics, biases, and fallacies programmed into these computational codes. Crucial to this new work has been Tarleton Gillespie's (2014: 192) assessment that algorithms are a “a new knowledge logic” and “the latest socially constructed and institutionally managed mechanism for assuring public acumen.” Recent scholars have extended this line of inquiry by examining the social effects of programming logics in computational, digital, and internet technologies. These studies, from academics like Virginia Eubanks (2017), have observed how algorithms participate in automating modern forms of economic and racial inequality. Safiya Umoja Noble (2018), specifically, has detailed how algorithms produced new systems of technological redlining by...
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