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![Cases with guideline minimums of life or probation were included in the guideline minimum average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. In turn, cases with sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) or probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. In addition, the information presented in this table includes time of confinement as described in USSG § 5C1.1. Guideline minimums account for applicable statutory mandatory penalties. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A [omitted].](https://dup.silverchair-cdn.com/dup/Content_public/Journal/fsr/37/1/10.1215_10539867-11484780/6/s_fsr11484780figure1.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=l76GD57PnJLDDv3HM76abiyG4XsbtKxlxvZnxajc-9oWcvQx0o7-gSIf3GpbMt5qhATi9T9rifuJaY3aqUWIiQWldcfHiYLAj8hXurv~vXoj1qHc1KbDK5DsfH1P0o5Z6~yii7AYBxMskg1YEcXXt2W8Agbk5DwLNssTNhL~svdCx11XoBIr-hga0kqLYUwb9SBJt-JiCvvyhyzyPPEiPZwezdRkTh4kty3B3jKTwsKl4DP-wPhKLdQn5S45tIFnNUdru54MB-Eumfx-F7olbhINPkjbnNSDr3cIq9X9VUtXPY1umph68v0FPj1C7H5Gen5oQJ05mTohXMO3GxFPpA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
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Journal Article
San Francisco's Family-Focused Probation: A Conversation with Chief Adult Probation Officer Wendy Still
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2011) 24 (1): 54–56.
Published: 01 October 2011
... Probation Department in San Francisco is committed to a family-focused approach. To discuss the department's innovative practices, the author interviewed Wendy Still, the chief adult probation officer of the city and county of San Francisco. © The Ohio State University sentencing reentry juvenile...
View articletitled, San Francisco's Family-Focused <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span>: A Conversation with Chief Adult <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> Officer Wendy Still
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for article titled, San Francisco's Family-Focused <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span>: A Conversation with Chief Adult <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> Officer Wendy Still
Journal Article
Eliminating the Adversarial Role of the Probation Office
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2024) 36 (5): 294–295.
Published: 01 June 2024
...Stephen R. Sady © The Ohio State University Eliminating the Adversarial Role of the Probation Of ce Originally published in Vol. 8, No. 1 (1995) of Federal Sentencing Reporter STEPHEN R. SADY Chief Deputy Federal Public Defender, Portland, Oregon Seven years of sentencing guidelines has...
Journal Article
Probation Reform in California: Senate Bill 678
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2010) 22 (3): 186–193.
Published: 01 February 2010
... for at least thirty years. By 2001, county general funds constituted less than half of the budgets of many probation departments; the departments came to rely more and more on probationer fees and onetime state and federal grants, which primarily targeted juvenile offenders. Increasingly scarce county funds...
Journal Article
Exploration of Probation in Chinese Criminal Law
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2010) 22 (4): 288–293.
Published: 01 April 2010
... april 2010 291 the Procedural Regulation of Security Organs to Deal with Criminal Cases, emphasizing that grassroots security organs are responsible for observing probationers and local organizations must cooperate with security staff to implement probation. Article 75 outlines rules that offenders...
Journal Article
Make Probation a Real Option at Sentencing
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2011) 23 (4): 257–260.
Published: 01 April 2011
...Ellen C. Brotman © The Ohio State University Make Probation a Real Option at Sentencing1 My advice to the Commission is to amend the Guidelines to establish probation as a distinct type of sentence with independent value, rather than as merely a lenient option to be used only in extraordinary...
Journal Article
Alleyne on the Ground: Factfinding that Limits Eligibility for Probation or Parole Release
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2014) 26 (5): 287–297.
Published: 01 June 2014
...Nancy J. King; Brynn E. Applebaum Abstract This article addresses the impact of Alleyne v. United States on statutes that restrict an offender’s eligibility for release on parole or probation. Alleyne is the latest of several Supreme Court decisions applying the rule announced in the Court’s 2000...
View articletitled, Alleyne on the Ground: Factfinding that Limits Eligibility for <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> or Parole Release
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for article titled, Alleyne on the Ground: Factfinding that Limits Eligibility for <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> or Parole Release
Journal Article
Three Key Findings on Legal Financial Obligations from the Survey of Adults on Probation
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2022) 34 (2-3): 203–205.
Published: 01 February 2022
... because data on legal financial obligations often do not detail the various types, amounts, and frequencies of payments toward LFO debt. In this paper, we tap the 1995 Survey of Adults on Probation (SAP) to study the impacts of debt burden (e.g., the amount, frequency, and type of LFO) on probationers...
View articletitled, Three Key Findings on Legal Financial Obligations from the Survey of Adults on <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span>
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Journal Article
Probation Officer Viewpoints on the Assessment, Collection, and Enforcement of Fees
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2022) 34 (2-3): 206–208.
Published: 01 February 2022
... of monetary sanctions, their correctional goals, and the effects of monetary sanctions on individuals paying them. For fees, Texas relies on them for partial support of their probation departments’ operations. In this study, we focus on two probation jurisdictions in Texas to explore officers’ attitudes...
Journal Article
What’s Missing? The Absence of Probation in Federal Sentencing Reform
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2022) 34 (5): 322–326.
Published: 01 June 2022
.... Only 9% of probationers in 1990 had been convicted of a crime of violence.11 Today, probation is imposed in a still smaller fraction of federal criminal cases. Of the roughly 280,000 people serving a federal sentence today,12 only 12,500 are on probation.13 As an alternative to an otherwise authorized...
Journal Article
Comments of Practitioners' Advisory Group, Criminal Law Committee, and Probation Officers Advisory Group on Proposed Changes to "Loss" Tables
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2000) 13 (1): 19–21.
Published: 01 July 2000
...James E. Felman; Sim Lake; Ellen S. Moore © The Ohio State University Comments of Practitioners' AdvisoryGroup, Criminal Law Committee, and Probation OfficersAdvisoryGroup on Proposed Changes to "Loss" Tables Editor'sNote:AftertheSentencingCommissionpublished itsthreealternativeproposalsfor...
View articletitled, Comments of Practitioners' Advisory Group, Criminal Law Committee, and <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> Officers Advisory Group on Proposed Changes to "Loss" Tables
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for article titled, Comments of Practitioners' Advisory Group, Criminal Law Committee, and <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> Officers Advisory Group on Proposed Changes to "Loss" Tables
Journal Article
Reflections of a Southwest Border Probation Chief
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2002) 14 (5): 255–259.
Published: 01 March 2002
...Magdeline E. Jensen © The Ohio State University Reflections of a Southwest Border Probation Chief Beginning in 1994, Congress created the Southwest Border Initiative which was designed to reduce the ßood of drugs and illegal immigrants from Mexico into the United States. Millions of dollars...
Journal Article
Probation Supervision of Legal and Illegal Aliens: A Study
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2002) 14 (5): 276–278.
Published: 01 March 2002
...Matthew G. Rowland © The Ohio State University Probation Supervision of Legal and Illegal Aliens: A Study MATTHEW G . ROWLAND Deputy Chief U.S. Probation Officer Eastern District of New York When non-citizens, visa-holders or immigrants, are convicted of committing a crime in this country...
Journal Article
What Is Probation, Anyway? Reflections from a Decade of Research
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2024) 36 (4): 177–180.
Published: 01 April 2024
... [2016] summed up the injunction many people on probation confront.) Granted such broad discretion, probation of cers often insert themselves into the minutia of probationers lives, scrutinizing their purchases, eating habits, and intimate relationships. In addition, probationers navigate...
Journal Article
Drug Screenings in Practice: Narratives from People on Parole and Probation
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2024) 36 (4): 212–217.
Published: 01 April 2024
... for probationers. Criminology & Public Policy 15(4): 1073 1102. Olson, David E., and Arthur J. Lurigio. 2000. Predicting probation outcomes: Factors associated with probation rearrest, revocations, and technical violations during supervision. Justice Research and Policy 2: 73 86. Omnibus Transportation Employee...
Journal Article
The Utility of Drug Testing for Probation Risk Classification
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2024) 36 (4): 218–228.
Published: 01 April 2024
... indicator by DCS proves highly predictive, with no testing associated with about a 38% reduction in risk during the Period 2 and a 63% reduction after one year (Period 3). Table 6 presents the model results for the women on probation. Results are largely similar to the results for the male probationers...
Journal Article
How to Change the Philosophy and Practice of Probation and Supervised Release: Data Analytics, Cost Control, Focus on Reentry, and a Clear Mission
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2016) 28 (4): 231–238.
Published: 01 April 2016
... of previously negative experiences with private prisons. It is disputed whether privatizing probation would provide cost-savings or more effective services to probationers than the government could. Continental European countries have also begun to experiment with private supervision. A successful model...
View articletitled, How to Change the Philosophy and Practice of <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span> and Supervised Release: Data Analytics, Cost Control, Focus on Reentry, and a Clear Mission
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Journal Article
Probation and Mass Incarceration: The Ironies of Correctional Practice
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2016) 28 (4): 278–282.
Published: 01 April 2016
..., to at least one judge, it seemed reasonable. It is not the anomaly it may seem to be. There has been a dramatic growth in the incidence of probationers being returned to court, charged with a probation violation, having their probation revoked, and having a term of incarceration imposed. This is a logical...
Journal Article
The Paradox of Probation: Community Supervision in the Age of Mass Incarceration (excerpted)
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2016) 28 (4): 283–289.
Published: 01 April 2016
... of probation supervision. . . .These characteristics of probation practices include the type and frequency of monitoring, the services available through probation and af liated social service institutions, and the overall tenor of interactions between probationers and probation of cer. More narrow policy...
View articletitled, The Paradox of <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span>: Community Supervision in the Age of Mass Incarceration (excerpted)
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for article titled, The Paradox of <span class="search-highlight">Probation</span>: Community Supervision in the Age of Mass Incarceration (excerpted)
Journal Article
Data Brief: American Exceptionalism in Probation Supervision
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Federal Sentencing Reporter (2016) 28 (4): 290–292.
Published: 01 April 2016
... make offenders reentry into the lawabiding community more dif cult than it needs to be, such as when meetings with probation of cers interfere with work responsibilities, or supervision and program fees block probationers ability to support themselves and their families. Concerns of this kind...
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Cases with guideline minimums of life or probation were included in the gui...
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in Prepared Testimony: U.S. Sentencing Commission, before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, October 12, 2011
> Federal Sentencing Reporter
Published: 01 February 2025
Figure A1 Cases with guideline minimums of life or probation were included in the guideline minimum average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. In turn, cases with sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) or probation were included in the sentence average
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