Search Results for Fines

...Morten Holmboe © The Ohio State University Alternative Sentence of Imprisonment for Unpaid Fines: Are the Rules Compatible with the Aims of the Norwegian Criminal Justice System? MORTEN HOLMBOE* I. Introduction: The Problem of Unpaid Fines When a person (over eighteen years old at the time...

...Chris Albin-Lackey Abstract The US Department of Justice’s investigation into the Ferguson, MO police department blew the lid off of a hidden, nationwide scandal. Too many police departments and courts all over the country were using predatory fines and fees to extract wealth from their communities...

...Andrea Bopp Stark; Geoff Walsh Abstract This article examines the provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code that except fines and penalties from the broad discharge of debts that individuals receive upon completion of a bankruptcy case. In its 1986 decision in Kelly v. Robinson the Supreme Court...

...Katelyn J. B. King; Amber Petkus; Ebony L. Ruhland Abstract Every state relies on fines and fees to defray the costs of community supervision, and many rely on a combination of monetary sanctions and government aid to operate these programs. Texas is one such state that designs their system...

...Jordan M. Hyatt; Synøve N. Andersen; Steven L. Chanenson Abstract Legal financial obligations serve a range of practical and ideological functions within the modern American criminal justice system. Criminal fines are punitive in nature and intended to reflect the severity of the offense as well...

...Virginia R. Smercina; Foster C. Kamanga; Barbara G. Brents Abstract Traffic stops and traffic tickets often have far-reaching consequences for poor and marginalized communities, yet resulting fines and fees increasingly fund local court systems. This study critically explores who bears the brunt...

...Nora V. Demleitner Will the Supreme Court Rein in Excessive Fines and Forfeitures? Don t Rely on Timbs v. Indiana NORA V. DEMLEITNER* Roy L. Steinheimer Jr. Professor of Law, Washington and Lee University Editor, Federal Sentencing Reporter I. Introduction The U.S. Supreme Court s decision...

.... In this article, the Director of Financial Inclusion for the City of Philadelphia’s Office of Community Empowerment and Opportunity discuss how fine and fee reform in Philadelphia is occurring. Fine and Fee Reform Efforts in the City of Philadelphia I. Introduction Since 2019, the City of Philadelphia has pursued...

...Joe D. Whitley Abstract In Fine Tuning the Guidelines – Again , the author revisits his recommendations on how to fine tune the federal sentencing guidelines that he offered twenty-seven years ago, and explores the ways in which the guidelines, first upheld by the Supreme Court in 1989, have...

...Brandon L. Garrett Abstract The scale of criminal debt in the United States has exploded, with local, state and federal court imposing billions in fines and fees on people in criminal cases. If the person lacks the ability to pay or does not pay the fines, still additional financial penalties can...

...Maria Katarina E. Rafael; Chris Mai Abstract In criminal courts across the country, judges assess a variety of fines, fees and other legal financial obligations (LFOs) that many defendants struggle to pay. This paper provides a summary of the authors’ longer empirical article that examines...

.... This paper expands on the history of fines in Anglo-American law to outline the development of the dual purpose of criminal monetary sanctions: punishment and government revenue. This paper uses the statutory and other legally-determined characteristics of taxes and user charges to characterize...

... much less use of custodial sentences by employing alternatives such as prosecutorial diversion, fines and day fines as the sole sanction, suspended custodial sentences, and community service or training orders imposed as conditions of probation. These European practices should not be dismissed...

... financial means. This study uses fine, cost, and restitution imposition and collection data from the Administrative Office of the Pennsylvania Courts (AOPC) that spans a ten year period to examine whether there are differences in assessment and outstanding debt balances between defendants with private...

...Laura I Appleman Abstract The federal criminal justice system routinely requires convicted individuals to pay fines, restitution, and special assessments as part of their sentence. These criminal justice payments are an obligatory condition of federal community supervision, which a vast majority...

...Alexandra Shookhoff; Robert Constantino; Evan Elkin Abstract Increases in both the number and amount of court fees, fines, and surcharges—regardless of offenders' ability to pay—have become standard practice in courthouses throughout the United States. A recent report from the Brennan Center...

... an assessment of statutes relevant to bond conversion for all 50 states and the US Code. Nearly half of all states and the US Code permit bond conversion via statute; statutes most often authorize conversion to pay for fines, costs, and restitution; most do not require the depositor be given notice, do...

...Matheson Sanchez; Shytierra Gaston Abstract Until recently, Massachusetts incarcerated criminal justice system clients solely for nonpayment of court-imposed fines and fees. This practice disproportionately penalized disadvantaged clients, further exacerbating their legal involvement. Massachusetts...

..., this piece uses personal history to explore the different financial pressure points used in the criminal legal system: the ecosystem of cash bail, fines, and fees. It outlines differences in the ways such pressure is applied depending on a defendant’s economic standing, and argues that it amounts to a form...

..., specifically African Americans, are disproportionately represented in the amount of people who are incarcerated, implies a racial problem with the justice system in this Country. When you tie together the racial disparity of African Americans incarcerated, and the systematic ways in which the fines and fees...