... values. Much top-down official evidence is available for scholars seeking to understand the nature of these campaigns. However, the problem of finding the voices of those at the receiving end—and of attempting to discover pupil agency , as the recent paradigm in childhood research advocates—is especially...

... is prevented. . . . After the bell rings for lunch and dinner they come to the refectory, pupils on one side and Native students on the other. 27 The Indian chapel was probably one of the most important places in the schools. Students spent a significant amount of time there, attending scheduled...

... in the capital city (Coronil 1997). To paraphrase a popular Venezuelan saying coined during this period: “Caracas was Caracas; everything else remained weeds and snakes.” In the Orinoco Delta, the pupils in the missions participated in this construction of Caracas as the center of power...

...-wide declamation contest reciting the legend. 19 Long Soldier’s text quoted abundantly from McLaughlin’s book, gave names to heroes whom Marie-Louise had left anonymous, provided additional ethnographic details, and turned the piece into a spectacular sample of Indian life. The young pupil’s...

... in the West. A teacher who also painted miniature Navajo rug designs for trading post advertisements, Little pursued multiple objectives. She tried to learn from her pupils the ceremonial uses of baskets and the meanings of their designs—with very ASE Address 2011...

... to the mobility not of representations but of people. Alice Te Punga Somerville examines the history of a Christian school established in the early nineteenth century for Maori pupils not in Aotea- roa but in Parramatta, now a suburb of Sydney, and locates Maori history in Australia, in England...

... of Native Residential Schools . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Mitchinson, Wendy 1991 The Nature of Their Bodies . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Montgomery, L. G. 1933 Tuberculosis among Pupils of a Canadian School for Indians. American Review of Tuberculosis 28 : 502 -15...

..., as the most likely place to find “suitable” Indians for the celebration. In response to his letter, the superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School, Moses Fried- man, informed Hayes that the school had four Delaware pupils enrolled, “but they show so small a degree of Indian blood that they would...

... character and promoted “moral venom” among its pupils, referring to the lay ideas that strayed from the religious precepts in vogue during the era following independence ( El Mosquito Mexicano 1834a ). Nevertheless, by that time San Gregorio had ceased to be a religious school to become a space...

..., with whom he discussed the possibility of establishing a mis- sion at Marsabit. He also visited the town and paid a visit to the per- sonnel of the Bible Church Missionary Society, who for fifteen years had been directing a school of about forty-five pupils, to whom they gave...

... government’s official position. General’s source concluded that aboriginal peoples, “received from Canada a terri- tory and a capital in money. The Canadian government treats the Indians like children; they are not the pupils of the nation.” In specific reference to Deskaheh’s earlier attempts...

... by between 200,000 and 250,000 pupils, as much as half the country’s population (Davies 2014 : 31). Welsh was also a written medium, with thousands of books published in the language along with scores of newspapers and magazines, both religious and secular. By the mid-nineteenth century, therefore...

... in 1543, therefore, strongly suggests that Pedro was, in fact, a colegio student, and one, moreover, who had achieved the colegio’s stated goal for their pupils: a job. There is also the 1551 case of the mestizo Juan Núñez, who was, like Pedro, apprenticed with the help of the audiencia. 26...

... · mon; they saw and understood yn quitaque · ỹ quiximatque · yn qui- a very great deal of the divine mititi yn quimiximachti. yn teotla- words that Sebastian showed toli · yn yehuatl · yn SebaStian auh yn them and made known to them. iquac yn o miec · quimatque yn teo- When his pupils had...

... by the $28 in travel money that he received from the Confer- ence that year, Hall continued to evangelize in other locations.83 By 1895, the mission showed some improvement. The membership had grown to fourteen, and there were twenty-­five pupils and five teachers for the Sunday School. However...

... in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33 , no. 3 : 233 – 350 . Stewart Indian School . 1979 . Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Western Nevada Agency Miscellaneous School Records, Administrative Files and Register of Pupils, 1890–1979. NARA RG 75, National Archives and Records Administration...

..., Baranov stated that “I have taught her to sew and be a good housekeeper.” However, he also noted that “during my absence she showed weakness.” Archimandrite Ioasaf gave more information on this, stating that a former pupil from the Kodiak school “ran the gauntlet because [of an affair...

..., not as menials, but as pupils of industry in training for their future posi- 52 tion as wives & mothers Graduates of the Methodist Crosby’s School for Girls were praised for having ‘‘married Christian...

..., civil and religious hierarchies had become fused in many indigenous municipali- ties, which facilitated their control by outsiders.14 Even though Urbina’s political career was in decline in 1951, he still had plenty of pull in municipalities controlled by his former pupils. Urbina helped...

... mother had been the dux (top pupil) of her primary school. Her secondary education, however, was cut short when she had to leave school to take a job, and thus contribute to family income. After she married, still in her teens, and had children of her own, I was the one she encouraged to strive for what...