... centuries, see Curry, “‘Meeting of the Two Sultans,’” 223–26, 237–38, 242n60 . 3 For a more detailed account of the dream and its implications, see Kafadar, Between Two Worlds , 8–9, 128–33 ; for a more recent reconception, see Brack, “Was Ede Bali a Wafâ‘î Shaykh?,” 349–57 . 4 A more...

... This competition has been described in Ay, “Sufi Shaykhs and Society.” Traditionally, Sufis and Sufi orders have faced further forms of competition and criticism from legalistic and/or “fundamentalist” Muslims. Though this competition often plays out in scholarly screeds such as those of Ibn Taymiyyah, it has...

... dogma, every person has his personal devil ( shayṭān ; Awn, Satan’s Tragedy , 60–69 ). 115 Yaqūt, Irshad al-arib ilâ maʿrifat , 44 ; Ritter, Das Meer der Seele , 539 . 114 ʿAṭṭār, Manṭiq al-ṭayr , 172 . ʿAṭṭār attributed this speech, part monologue, to shaykh Abū Bakr Nīshābūrī...

... cakes a week out of the dough for the servants' bread" she had their eye­ brows shaved: "you know how proud the wom en of this country are of their eyebrows. [. . .] The Shaykh Besheer [sic] was delighted w ith my punishm ent."31 More punitively, she insists that, upon the death of her friend, Monsieur...