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Fig. 1 Subjective physical health (panel a) and subjective mental health (panel b) of Chinese married adults by sibling status and by rural–urban residence and gender More

Fig. 2 Intergenerational lifespan (panel a) and longevity (panel b) associations between parents and children by children and parent sex. Panel a reports effects estimated by ordinary least-squares regression of children's lifespan on parents’ lifespan for the pooled U.S. sample (1690–1910 More

Fig. 3 Association of lifespan (panel a) and longevity (panel b) between siblings by sex. Panel a reports effects estimated by ordinary least-squares regression of the individual's lifespan on siblings’ average lifespan for the pooled U.S. sample (1690–1910). Panel b reports effects estimated More

Fig. 4 Trends in prevalences (upper panel) and penalties (lower panel) of the four risks of child poverty in the United States in 1979–2019 in recent LIS data. Vertical lines represent 95% confidence intervals. More

Fig. 4 Mean program-specific income (panel a) and income share (panel b) by percentiles of total state-year spending, among households with children More

Fig. 5 Divorce risk (upper panel) and survivor probability (lower panel) by marital duration among U.S. women. Source: June 1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995 Current Population Survey. More

Fig. 2 Penicillin-sensitive (panel a) and penicillin-insensitive (panel b) disease mortality rates by region in Italy, 1924–1955. The unit is number of deaths per 1,000 people. Source : ISTAT (1958) . More

Fig. 5 For females (panel a) and males (panel b), solid lines show the average trajectory of the variance of age at death after 15 years, V (15), across 40 regions in the Human Mortality Database (see Table  S1 in Online Resource 1 for details). The upper dotted lines show this average More

Fig. 1 Black-white dissimilarity (panel a) and black-nonblack dissimilarity (panel b), 1970 to 2005–2009 More

Fig. 2 Black-white isolation (panel a) black-nonblack isolation (panel b), 1970 to 2005–2009 More

Fig. 2 Log models (panel a) and wage models (panel b) of education premiums, by gender More

Fig. 1 Cognitive measures by age. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task 1 (CTT1). Panel b shows Colour Trail Task 2 (CTT2). Panel c shows Choice Reation Time (CRT). Panel d shows Choice Reation Time Variabiliy (CRT_VAR) More

Fig. 6 Decline in two-year (panel a) and one-year (panel b) interstate migration rates for individuals in and out of the labor force: PSID data (panel a) and CPS data (panel b). In panel a, “In the labor force” is defined as in the labor force in the current year and in the previous two years More

Fig. 3 Changes in the prevalence of obesity (panel a) and current smoking (panel b) between Period 1 (1988–1994) and Period 2 (2007–2010) More

Fig. 2 Number (panel a) and percentage (panel b) of live-born children who are desired and undesired at birth, by sex and ideal family size More

Fig. 5 Aging in Europe: Women (panel a) and men (panel b). The figure shows age-dependent health deficits ( D – A ) across countries, according to Eq. ( 4 ) when the country-specific force of aging α ig is fed in from the estimates of Table 4 More

Fig. 2 Cumulative hazard of divorce for whites (panel A) and blacks (panel B). Sample sizes are 205,109 for whites and 39,644 for blacks More

Fig. 1 Mean shared time for nonparents (panel a) and parents (panel b). * = Means for individuals in same-sex couples significantly different than means for individuals in different-sex couples ( p < .05). ^Means for men and women in same-sex couples are statistically different ( p < .05). More

Fig. 3 Age at first grandchild, by race and sex: Men (panel a) and women (panel b) born in 1880–1960. More

Fig. 1 Cumulative number of transitions (panel a) and rate of transition (panel b). Diagnosis refers to the earliest diagnosis of gender incongruence observed in the National Patient Registry. Since 1987, the patient records have had nationwide coverage, and since 2001, they include diagnoses More