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Unobserved Factor
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Journal Article
Demography (2002) 39 (4): 713–738.
Published: 01 November 2002
... that indicate that (1) social networks have substantial effects even after unobserved factors (e.g., homophily) that may determine social networks are controlled; (2) controlling for these unobserved factors may substantially alter the estimated effects of networks (these controls were not used in previous...
Journal Article
Demography (2018) 55 (1): 295–318.
Published: 18 December 2017
... of individuals and their parents and unobserved factors shared within a family. Our estimates of the observed and unobserved parts of the long arm of childhood are based on family-level variance in a survival analytic regression model, using siblings nested within families as the units of analysis. The study...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2011) 48 (1): 73–99.
Published: 23 February 2011
... economy. The results also indicate that unobserved factors play a “nonignorable” role in sorting youth into migrant and nonmigrant families. 17 12 2010 23 2 2011 © Population Association of America 2011 2011 Migration Youth Sending areas Employment Educational attainment Mexico...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2007) 44 (1): 1–33.
Published: 01 February 2007
... and substantial effects on risk perceptions and the adoption of new behaviors even after we control for unobserved factors. 13 1 2011 © Population Association of America 2007 2007 Social Network Ordinary Little Square Risk Perception Network Partner High Risk Perception References...
Journal Article
Demography (2010) 47 (4): 923–934.
Published: 01 November 2010
..., and an unobserved factor specific to each sibling pair, siblings’ birth events and their timing enter as time-varying covariates. We use data from longitudinal population-wide Norwegian administrative registers. The data cover more than 110,000 sibling pairs and include the siblings’ fertility, education, income...
Journal Article
Demography (2007) 44 (3): 519–537.
Published: 01 August 2007
... of individual marital status. The data include individual histories of changes in marital status and places of residence, providing a rare opportunity to enter municipality fixed effects into the model, thereby capturing the time-invariant unobserved factors at that level. The positive health externality...
Journal Article
Demography (1995) 32 (1): 111–131.
Published: 01 February 1995
...Kenneth A. Bollen; David K. Guilkey; Thomas A. Mroz Abstract Many demographic studies examine discrete outcomes, and researchers often suspect that some of the explanatory variables may be influenced by the same unobserved factors that determine the discrete outcome under examination. In linear...
Journal Article
Demography (2018) 55 (5): 1611–1639.
Published: 13 August 2018
... is complicated by the issue of confounding (i.e., unobserved factors correlated with stress exposure and with children’s outcomes). I combine a natural experiment—a strong earthquake in Chile—with a panel survey to capture the effect of prenatal exposure on acute stress and children’s cognitive ability. I find...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (3): 785–811.
Published: 11 June 2019
... to capture potential anticipation, adaptation, delayed, or cumulative effects. We estimate fixed-effects models to account for the potential correlation between children’s physical health and unobserved factors associated with parental separation, such as socioeconomic background and other time-invariant...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2014) 51 (2): 437–457.
Published: 27 February 2014
...Ava Gail Cas; Elizabeth Frankenberg; Wayan Suriastini; Duncan Thomas Abstract Identifying the impact of parental death on the well-being of children is complicated because parental death is likely to be correlated with other, unobserved factors that affect child well-being. Population...
Journal Article
Demography (2021) 58 (5): 1655–1685.
Published: 01 October 2021
... resources seems to be secondary to other unobserved factors. Given that the family's socioeconomic position and stressors were found to explain only small parts of the observed disadvantage, it seems that the broader social context in the receiving country may be more important than these factors...
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Includes: Supplementary data
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in Duration and Timing of Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty and the Risk of Adolescent Parenthood
> Demography
Published: 30 May 2013
Fig. 2 Consequences of conditioning on time-varying confounders affected by past neighborhood context. A k = neighborhood poverty, L k = observed time-varying covariates, U k = unobserved factors, and Y k = outcome
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in Duration and Timing of Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty and the Risk of Adolescent Parenthood
> Demography
Published: 30 May 2013
Fig. 1 Hypothesized causal relationships between neighborhood poverty, time-varying covariates, and adolescent parenthood. A k = neighborhood poverty, L k = observed time-varying covariates, U k = unobserved factors, and Y k = outcome
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in Toxic Neighborhoods: The Effects of Concentrated Poverty and Environmental Lead Contamination on Early Childhood Development
> Demography
Published: 01 August 2022
Fig. 1 Hypothesized causal relationships between baseline covariates ( C ) , time-varying confounders ( L t ) , neighborhood disadvantage ( A t ) , environmental lead contamination ( M t ) , cognitive ability ( Y ) , and unobserved factors
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in Duration and Timing of Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty and the Risk of Adolescent Parenthood
> Demography
Published: 30 May 2013
factors, and Y k = outcome
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Journal Article
Demography (2009) 46 (4): 827–850.
Published: 01 November 2009
... the rural disadvantage in household characteristics, both observed and unobserved, which explain two-thirds of the gap. Among the observed characteristics, environmental factors-a safe source of drinking water, electricity, and quality of housing materials-are the most important contributors. Community...
Journal Article
Demography (2005) 42 (4): 719–735.
Published: 01 November 2005
... overstated. This false positive in the estimated risk arises from correlations among obesity and unobserved environmental, behavioral, or genetic factors. 14 1 2011 © Population Association of America 2005 2005 Obesity Morbid Obesity Personal Obesity Civilian Noninstitutionalized...
Journal Article
Demography (2002) 39 (1): 139–164.
Published: 01 February 2002
... also incorporate and account for the endogeneity of fertility and income in my study. I account for unobserved heterogeneity with a discrete-factor random- effects specification. By estimating the degree to which child care costs create a barrier to marketplace work for low-income mothers with infants...
Journal Article
Demography (1996) 33 (1): 12–23.
Published: 01 February 1996
... of reasons; this paper describes how one can control for correlations between the outcomes of repeated spells of contraceptive use. 14 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1996 1996 Unobserved Factor Baseline Category Family Planning Policy Binary Logit Model Multinomial Logit...
Journal Article
Demography (2011) 48 (4): 1429–1450.
Published: 27 September 2011
... to allow for nonlinear effects. Fig. 4 Proportions of black-white weight gap explained by observable factors in DFL decomposition with plausible intake values Table 2 also shows that unobservables play an important role in explaining the weight gap. Large unobservable effects...
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