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Time Expenditure

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Journal Article
Demography (1992) 29 (4): 545–563.
Published: 01 November 1992
... of schooling seem to forgo more labor market activity by reason of childbearing than do their better-educated counterparts. The pattern is less clear with respect to the loss of income. 12 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1992 1992 Time Expenditure Maternity Leave Labor Market...
Journal Article
Demography (2010) 47 (2): 503–519.
Published: 01 May 2010
...Adriaan Kalwij Abstract This article analyzes the impact on fertility of changes in national expenditure for family allowances, maternity- and parental-leave benefits, and childcare subsidies. To do so, I estimate a model for the timing of births using individual-level data from 16 western European...
Journal Article
Demography (2016) 53 (4): 1207–1218.
Published: 28 June 2016
... is estimated each year using a quasi-relative poverty threshold that varies over time with changes in families’ expenditures on a core basket of goods and services, this study explores trends in poverty using an absolute, or anchored, SPM threshold. We believe the anchored measure offers two advantages. First...
FIGURES | View All (8)
Journal Article
Demography (2020) 57 (2): 627–652.
Published: 23 March 2020
... receive higher expenditures on private academic education, have mothers with fewer hours of labor supply, and spend less time on household chores relative to girls. These gender gaps have also narrowed substantially, however, over the past two decades. We consider alternative explanations, but altogether...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2013) 50 (1): 1–23.
Published: 18 September 2012
... of parental investment—namely, time—there is little research on spending. We use data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to examine how spending changed from the early 1970s to the late 2000s, focusing particularly on inequality in parental investment in children. Parental spending increased, as did...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (5): 1635–1664.
Published: 10 September 2019
... and gaps in school district financial resources—total per-pupil expenditures—and social resources—local rates of adult educational attainment, family structure, and adult unemployment—available to the average public school student at a variety of income levels over time. Although the social context...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Image
Published: 14 May 2018
polynomial regression of average expenditure within each category, over time. Source: Authors’ calculations from KHDS 1 data More
Image
Published: 29 October 2020
Fig. 5 Composition of analytic sample for household expenditure per capita, by treatment status (never had a sibling vs. had a sibling) and timing of the treatment. In November 2013, couples in which at least one of the partners was an only-child were allowed to have two children. In October More
Journal Article
Demography (2012) 49 (1): 359–392.
Published: 02 December 2011
... measures, gaps in urbanization and household demographic composition are substantially different. In particular, the poor according to asset indices are more likely to be in rural areas than the poor according to expenditures. At the same time, while the poor according to expenditures are systematically...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1977) 14 (3): 351–361.
Published: 01 August 1977
... and velocity, on the one hand, and the cost of establishing and maintaining centers, on the other. This reasoning has recently been given a precise, mathematical treatment (Stephan, 1977; Stephan and Tedrow, 1977). If the above discussion is framed in terms of time expenditure, we find that average so- cietal...
Journal Article
Demography (2001) 38 (1): 115–132.
Published: 01 February 2001
...: house- holds will smooth schooling expenditures over time and are unlikely to respond to temporary shocks by withdrawing children from school. Second, unlike Montgomery et al. (2000), we are not cre- ating an asset index as a proxy for current consumption ex- penditures. We view the asset index...
Journal Article
Demography (2015) 52 (3): 835–860.
Published: 02 May 2015
... blacks’ seeking social status in communities where they do not have adequate access to resources and opportunities, and not just a cultural preference. At the same time, low-expenditure black households spend a lower percentage of their total expenditure on education than do their white counterparts (Fan...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Demography (2020) 57 (6): 2085–2111.
Published: 29 October 2020
...Fig. 5 Composition of analytic sample for household expenditure per capita, by treatment status (never had a sibling vs. had a sibling) and timing of the treatment. In November 2013, couples in which at least one of the partners was an only-child were allowed to have two children. In October...
FIGURES | View All (5)
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2011) 48 (4): 1429–1450.
Published: 27 September 2011
... preferred specification, the proportion of the gap explained by differences in energy intake is more than three times larger than the proportion explained by differences in energy expenditure for each measure of adiposity. The finding suggests that if the remarkably large weight gap between black women...
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Journal Article
Demography (2010) 47 (Suppl 1): S173–S190.
Published: 01 March 2010
... years old and older (Wilt et al. 2008). Further- more, because most localized prostate cancer is detected today by a screening PSA level rather than by symptomatic presentation or physical examination, the patients included in earlier trials may have had more aggressive or advanced disease at the time...
Journal Article
Demography (2000) 37 (2): 155–174.
Published: 01 May 2000
... on Premises x x x x x x Time to Water < 30 Min. x x x x x x Toilet Facility x x x x x x Flush Toilet x x x x x x Nondirt Flooring x x x x x Electricity x x x x x x Radio x x x x x x TV x x x x x Refrigerator x x x x x Bicycle x x x x x x Motorcycle x x x x x Car x x x x x MEASURING LIVING...
Journal Article
Demography (2014) 51 (2): 367–386.
Published: 04 February 2014
... expenditures by cities during this period have no effect on mortality rates in models allowing for city time trends. This contrast may reflect the fact that many of the state-level public health initiatives during this period—and particularly Sheppard-Towner programs—were targeted at rural areas. The first...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Demography (2014) 51 (4): 1225–1249.
Published: 01 July 2014
... are older, with lower average levels of educational attainment and higher BMI (because of their higher average age). Moreover, in both samples, females have lower levels of kilocalorie intake and job-related physical activity than do males; males devote less time to viewing television and perform less...
FIGURES | View All (4)
Journal Article
Demography (1993) 30 (2): 269–279.
Published: 01 May 1993
... or the tax base. In addition, expenditures on neither social welfare programs nor allocational services affect the relative standing of communities over time. The rate of black population increase, however, is related inversely to expenditures on infrastructure. Thus blacks are not gaining access to suburbs...
Journal Article
Demography (1998) 35 (4): 377–389.
Published: 01 November 1998
... of con- sumption shown in Figure 2 persist over time, expenditures are likely to decrease in the future as householders become older. Current age patterns for older adults, however, reflect lower lifetime incomes for older cohorts and cohort con- sumption patterns developed in leaner economic times. Age...