Search Results for Shared Environmental Influence

.... Their findings indicate that this difference may be explained by shared environmental influences rather than by fetal genes. Yet the authors insisted in their conclusions that a strong genetic component still must play a role in determining the racial gap in birth weight, if only through maternal effects...

... of the causal effect of education on age at first birth in OLS versus MZ twin fixed-effects models leaves us with the third research question, which asks to what extent this reduction is due to unobserved shared environmental influences and/or unobserved genetic endowments that are common to both outcomes...

... and have lower completed fertility in general. Behavioral genetics analysis suggests that the association between education and having any children in both sexes is influenced by factors shared by co-twins and that these factors are genetic rather than common environmental. No evidence of a causal pathway...

... Cramer (1995) used, and analyzed a com- posite outcome variable labeled birth health risk. The shared environment component corresponds to those environmental influences that operate to make siblings alike. In this application, the shared environment effect is estimated from the resemblance of siblings...

... E 1.001.00 1.00 a c e R 1.00 FIGURE 1. ACE MODEL FOR NUMBER OF CHILDREN (NumCh); A = GENETIC INFLUENCE, C = SHARED ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE, AND E = NONSHARED ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE/MEASUREMENT ERROR BEHAVIOR GENETIC MODELING OF HUMAN FERTILITY 33 coefficients. Given the assumptions of the additive...

... with varying degrees of genetic relatedness and coresidence during childhood to estimate the role of genes and of shared and unshared envi- ronmental influences (Falconer 1981). Data from twin stud- ies are the basis of most analyses allocating individual dif- ferences into genetic and environmental components...

... genetic studies have found no evidence of shared environmental influence on pubertal timing, generally interpreting this as evidence against environmental causation hypotheses because father absence is an environmental exposure shared by siblings (Mendle et al. 2006 ; Rowe 2000 ; Ryan 2015 ; Tither...

... al. 1999 ; Wolverton 2012 ). Other studies that focused on the influence of racial composition on the siting of facilities ( Funderburg and Laurian 2015 ; Mohai and Saha 2015b ) found that differences in the minority share of an area's population already existed prior to the siting. Still, Elliott...

... and environmental influences. One of the primary goals of this article is to evaluate the relevance of the current GxE models for a GWGEI study using a highly heritable phenotype (namely, body mass index (BMI)) and an established environmental determinant of BMI (education) with a well-characterized and reasonably...

... effect. Nonetheless, the subject is important, and we share an interest in studying the interplay of genetic and environmental factors (Rowe, Jacobson, and van den Oord 1999; van den Oord 1999). MATERNAL GENES In both articles the authors suggested that we cited genetic influences in our conclusion...

... Printing Office . Sorensen T.I.A. , Nielsen G.G. , Andersen P.K. , & Teasdale T.W. ( 1988 ). ”Genetic and Environmental Influences on Premature Death in Adult Adoptees.” . New England Journal of Medicine , 318 , 727 – 32 . 10.1056/NEJM198803243181202 Sturt E...

...., pesticides, asbestos, radioactive waste, petrochemicals, household waste) (Pebley 1998 ; Ruttan 1993 ). In the early 1990s, environmental concerns shifted toward changes occurring on a global scale, such as climate change. In this new context, the IPAT conceptual framework has strongly influenced research...

... ). For instance, Moreira et al. (2020) showed that Saharan dust intrusion across municipalities in Spain was associated with a higher share of low birth weight infants. Altindag et al. (2017) explored the environmental and health impacts of yellow dust outbreaks in South Korea, created when high-speed surface...

... a migration systems approach to answer two fundamental questions about environmental migration. First, did the disaster alter the destinations of out-migrants from the affected region? Second, do evacuees and migrants share migration systems with the pre-disaster migration system and with each other...

.../0032472031000144866 DaVanzo Julie , Butz William P. , & Habicht Jean-Pierre ( 1983 ). How Biological and Behavioral Influences on Mortality in Malaysia Vary during the First Year of Life . Population Studies , 37 , 381 – 402 . 10.2307/2174505 Edo M. A. , Otero H. R...

... in educational attainment: Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent schooling . Social Forces , 85 , 193 – 216 . Pfeffer F. T. ( 2008 ). Persistent inequality in educational attainment and its institutional context . European Sociological Review , 24 , 543 – 565 . Plomin R...

... of a given trait ( Boomsma et al. 2002 ; Neale and Cardon 1992 ). A common analytical approach—the ACE model—compares monozygotic and dizygotic twins to decompose variance into an additive genetic component (A), 1 a component attributable to shared or common environmental factors (C) (e.g., family...

.... , & Rowe D.C. ( 2001 ). Genetic and Environmental Influences on Delinquency: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 17 , 145 – 68 . 10.1023/A:1011097929954 Rodgers J.L. , & Doughty D. ( 2000 ). Genetic and Environmental Influences...

... are close are more likely to belong to the same social network. Members of the social network influence the behavior of each other through interaction. In our model, we assume that as the share of mothers within the social network increases, the desire to give birth is intensified. In the next section, we...