Search Results for Shadow Price

... migrants to destination areal units within the city, using a normative linear programming framework based on behavioral considerations. Measures of place utilities for each areal unit and of comparative place utilities for each pair-wise permutation of areal units are provided by the shadow prices...

... © Population Association of America 1979 1979 Labor Force Labor Force Participation Shadow Price Labor Force Participation Rate National Longitudinal Survey References Borus Michael E. , Mott Frank L. , & Nestel Gilbert ( 1978 ). Are Youth Counted? . Columbus...

... of America 1980 1980 Capita Income Shadow Price Primary Individual Income Coefficient Consumer Unit References Becker Gary S. ( 1974 ). A Theory of Marriage . In T. W. Schultz (Ed.), Economics of the Family . Chicago : University of Chicago Press . Becker Gary S...

... and indirect costs of obtaining an abortion are too high. Thus increases in the shadow price of abortion increase optimal family size and lessen the resources devoted to each child. Finally, advancements in prenatal diagnosis, such as amniocentesis and ultrasonography, yield very detailed information about...

...- pendent variable that we have used in this study. Ben-Porath and Welch consider the sex composition as essentially a manifes- tation of three factors: (a) an obvious re- flection of tastes; (b) a response to differ- ent shadow prices associated with boys and girls; and (c) a response to uncertainty...

.... On the Shadow Price of Children. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Econometric Society, New Orleans, 1971. Michael, Robert T. 1973. Education and the Derived Demand for Children. In Theodore W. Schultz (ed.), New Economic Approaches to Fertility: Proceedings of a Conference, June 8–9...

... ; Willis 1973 ) as well as supply-side theory. We organize this discussion around three aspects: (1) the direct and indirect costs of children, (2) access to modern media and fertility preferences as well as (3) the quality of health care. Access to electricity may influence the shadow price...

... ). Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply . Econometrica , 42 , 679 – 1674 . 10.2307/1913937 Levitan Sar A. , & Taggart R. ( 1974 ). Employment and Earnings Inadequacy: A New Social Indicator . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press . Long C. D. ( 1958...

... cost of child care. Thus the net (direct + indirect) effects of child-care costs on fertility and labor supply behavior cannot be signed a priori without further as- sumptions. Formally, the full or shadow prices of leisure and children are both endogenous, each depending on the quantity of the other...

.... ( 1974 ). Shadow prices, market wages, and labor supply . Econometrica, , 42, , 679 – 694 . 10.2307/1913937 . Heckman , J. ( 1979 ). Sample selection bias as a specification error . Econometrica, , 47, , 153 – 161 . 10.2307/1912352 . Jones , L. E. , Manuelli , R. E...

... at the same time), then there will be little increase in the shadow price ofa child and a small substitution effect. A large substi- tution effect (with its negative effect on fertility) is more likely to outweigh the income effect (with its positive effect on fertility), thereby causing an overall reduction...

... Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publishers . Heckman , J. J. ( 1974 ). Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply . Econometrica , 42 , 679 – 694 . 10.2307/1913937 Heckman , J. J. , & Willis , R. J. ( 1976 ). Estimation ofa Stochastic Model of Reproduction: An Econometric...

... of Comparative Family Studies , 21 ( 3 ), 325 – 36 . Kim B.-L.C. ( 1972 ). Casework with Japanese and Korean Wives of Americans . Social Casework , 53 , 273 – 79 . Kim B.-L.C. ( 1977 ). Asian Wives of U.S. Servicemen: Women in Shadows . Amerasian Journal , 4 , 91 – 115...

.../S0147-9121(03)22012-4 Heckman J. ( 1974 ). Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply . Econometrica , 42 , 679 – 94 . 10.2307/1913937 Statistical Sources and Methods. Volume 3: Economically Active Population, Employment, Unemployment and Hours of Work (Household Surveys...

... of Stratification (pp. 3 – 50 ). New York : Academic Press . Heckman , J. J. ( 1974 ). Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply . Econometrica , 42 , 679 – 694 . 10.2307/1913937 Heckman , J. J. ( 1979 ). Sample Selection Biasas a Specification Error . In J. P. Smith (Ed...

... [the shadow price of chil- drenJ to increase either N or Q but not both." "If Nand Q are complements an increase in 'Ire would reduce both N and Q" (p. 39). Since a good deal of research energy has gone into the development of the mathematics of fertility decision-mak- ing, as reflected, for example...

... the fecundity of the bride to family, relatives, and neighbors. 8 Since the mother and children (and to some extent the father too) put time into household production (and also into the production of childcare services), the increase in the farm or market opportunity of one increases the shadow price...

.... Shadow prices and other "errors in variables" specifications will be ignored here. Hus- 186 DEMOGRAPHY, volume 16, number 2, May 1979 band's wage rate is measured as his aver- age hourly earnings-total labor income from all jobs divided by hours of employ- ment. Wife's wage rate is an assigned value...

... with their respective utilization measures. In short, the own-shadow price etfects are as expected. Moreover, the abortion rate is directly related to poverty for both races, but education has a positive and statistically significant relationship with abortion only in the case of blacks. The Wu statistic in table 2...

... on nonproductive ends such as family maintenance, housing, and consumer goods (see Cornelius 1990; Dinerman 1982; Fernandez 1988; Goldring 1992; Gonzalez and Escobar 1990; Lopez 1986; Massey et al. 1987; Mines and DeJanvry 1982; Reichert 1981; Shadow 1979; Stuart and Kearney 1981; Wiest 1979, 1984). A few scholars...