Fig. 3 Share of immigrants in the Medicaid-only group. Panel a shows the share of agricultural workers classified as legal using the BC algorithm owing to Medicaid alone. Panel b shows the corresponding summary for all, high-skill, and low-skill immigrants. “Low-skill” are workers who have More

Fig. 1 Ratio of top 10 % income share to population share, 2000 and 2014. AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. NHPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Source: U.S. Census Race and ethnicity file, Form 1040 data, 2000 and 2014. More

Fig. 2 Ratio of bottom 10 % income share to population share, 2000 and 2014. AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. NHPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Source: U.S. Census Race and ethnicity file, Form 1040 data, 2000 and 2014. More

Fig. 2 Parental migration as share of child’s lifetime More

Fig. 5 Share of infant mortality rate attributable to undesiredness, by sex and urban versus rural residence More

Fig. 6 Share of infant mortality rate attributable to undesiredness, by sex and ideal family size. Bars marked B represent shares of male infant mortality, and bars marked G represent shares of female infant mortality More

Fig. 7 Share of infant mortality rate attributable to undesiredness, by sex and educational attainment More

Fig. 8 Share of infant mortality rate attributable to undesiredness, by sex and dominant gender preference More

Fig. 3 Share of population as urban: China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand, 1970–2015. Source: World Bank ( 2017 ) More

Fig. 1 Distribution of education levels across cohorts. Data are from SHARE (Sweden and Netherlands), ELSA (United Kingdom), and HRS (United States) More

Fig. 2 Predicted aging vectors of chronic conditions. Data are from SHARE (Sweden and Netherlands), ELSA (United Kingdom), and HRS (United States). Predictions are based on Model 1, Table S 1 (Online Resource 1 ). Solid lines = Higher education; dashed lines = Lower education More

Fig. 3 Predicted aging vectors of functional limitations. Data are from SHARE (Sweden and Netherlands), ELSA (United Kingdom), and HRS (United States). Predictions are based on Model 2, Table S 1 (Online Resource 1 ). Solid lines = Higher education; dashed lines = Lower education More

Fig. 2 Delivery in a medical facility in SSA, share (%) by survey cluster, various years. The sources of panel a are all DHS surveys listed in Table 4 in the appendix, and panel b zooms in on Nigeria More

Fig. 2 Share of joint filers that are same-sex couples by ZIP code 2015 (rate per 1,000 joint filers) More

Fig. 3 Share of school districts operating in in-person, hybrid, or remote status in September 2020, by race and ethnicity of student population. Source: Elementary School Operating Status database, Wave 1. More

Fig. 4 Share of school districts operating in in-person, hybrid, or remote status in September 2020, by race and ethnicity of student population, across urban, suburban, and rural locales. Source: Elementary School Operating Status database, Wave 1. More

Fig. 1 Deviation from equal bequest share analysis is based on the child sample of N  = 4,125. Deviation is computed as the difference between the bequest share that the parent intends to leave to the child and the bequest share if the parent equally divided bequests among children. More

Fig. 3 Mean share of blocks experiencing persistence, early turnover, and later turnover by place type. Persistence blocks contain stable White populations with no evidence of White decline. Early and later turnover blocks exhibit White decline from T 1 to T 2 but fall above and below a 50 More