Search Results for Residual Term

... effects and the elimination of interaction terms, even if the dependent variable itself is a nonadditive function. A comparison with earlier methods illustrates other practical advantages of the method: in addition to an absence of residuals or interaction terms, the method can easily handle a large...

..., a periodic term of the same period was included in the cultural factor C, and the model was reoptimized. This resulted in a substantial reduction of the residual. A similar probing of the prosperity term, ∈ g , indicates the presence of a period one-half as long. 13 1 2011 © Population...

... mortality-related factors are small compared to the causal effects of tobacco consumption itself. 30 12 2010 © Population Association of America 1972 1972 Cigarette Smoker Tobacco Smoking American Cancer Society Residual Term United States Population References Davis K...

... method produces emigration estimates that are comparable to those from residual methods in the case of longer-term residents (immigrants who arrived more than 10 years ago), but yields higher—and what appear to be more accurate—estimates for recent arrivals. Although somewhat constrained by sample size...

... and nutritional burden in childhood, and the mean height of those children as adults. Consistent with these findings, we develop a model of selection and stunting in which the early-life burden of undernutrition and disease not only is responsible for mortality in childhood but also leaves a residue of long-term...

...) of the difference in all states is explained by black-white differences in household size. About $713 (26 percent) of the difference in Indian states and $685 (21 percent) of the difference in all states is due to differences in the distribution of household types. By far the largestcomponent is the residual term...

... reshaped by vital events and eventually it ceases to determine the future course of the structure of the population ( Arthur 1982 ). Thus, it is possible to truncate the calculations at this stage, indicating the remaining r ^ as the residual term. The direct and indirect effects of fertility...

... , L t , A t , M t     −     1 ) denotes a similar residual transformation of the mediator. These residual terms are estimated from a set of first-stage regressions for E ( L t | C , L t     −     1 , A t     −     1 , M t...

.... If the 658 Demography, Vol. 30, No.4, November 1993 endogeneity of the Kids(t) variables (i.e., jointness of the two processes) is ignored, the Kids(t) variables may be correlated with residual term ed . This form of endogeneity is discussed more fully below. The vector of other explanatory covariates...

... that fertility and partnership outcomes are jointly determined owing to the correlation among the unmeasured individual charac- teristics (represented by residual terms in the statistical model) that affect each process. (A residual correlation that is signi cantly different from zero provides evidence...

... of the Siler model (Eq. 1) for the immature term (3) Demography, Vol. 31, NO.2, May 1994 (2)80f -bl' -soblale dt = b, (1- e ), t=O 80f a2dt = 80a2 , t=O 276 for the residual term and for the senescent term (4) The integrals are truncated at age 80 because the Siler model, particularly the senescent component...

... health. We assume that u i H captures an individual's unobserved long-term health conditions; λ is a loading factor allowing different effects of the random effect on mortality and health. 1 The residuals of the model are assumed to follow a multivariate normal distribution. We...

... heterogeneity, ~, in the propensity to cohabit. All covariates~ are measured at the beginning of the relationship, whether cohabitation or marriage. As noted in Table I and discussed further below, the set of covariates included in~ does not coincide perfectly with those included in ~. The residual term...

... for the 77 separate cells fell well short of the observed change in sex differential. The residual term in fact comprised almost 40 percent of the change in differential. Retherford (1972) reached similar conclusions for United States data, 1910-1965. The explanation for the large residual term can be found...

... 1990 child poverty rate is the residual term, re ecting variables omitted from our analysis or the interaction effects of those we include. We suspect that the most important variable we are not able to take into account, because of limitations in data availability, is the immigrant status...

.... MARITAL STATUS AND HEALTH 317 TABLE 2, GROSS EFFECTS OF MARITAL STATUS AND HEALTH ON MORTALITY health value Jt'(t), which consists of the long-run health value and a transitory residual term: (2) 7. The first threshold, 't I' is normalized to 0 to set the origin of the index. where u(t) is normalized...

..., a situation leading to predicted decreases in postdisruption income, but this is counterbalanced by the residual term, which represents what is unexplained by this model; it is likely that the residual term at least partly reflects the more specific income probes for the late cohort. The single factor...

... inequality in the 1960s, the pattern for the 1969-1979 period is more mixed. Several factors tended to boost inequality; others pushed it down. On balance, the 1970s saw a small rise in inequality (0.013). Our decomposition explains about half the net increase (0.007/0.013). The larger residual term...

... 147.39 (c) 3 .211 .0704 4.48 (c) 4 .277 .0693 4.41 (c) 3 .047 .0156 '" 4 .070 .0176 1.12 12 .121 .0101 12 .054 0045 780 12.246 .0157 20 .226 0113 '" 60 .493 .0082 80 1.261 .0158 60 .670 .0112 '" 80 1.379 .0172 240 3.907 .0163 240 4.310 .0180 (a) Pooled from those below the residual term. (b) F-value...

... likely or more likely than White survivors to be residually frail ( frailty reversals are possible). III. Decomposition of Population-Level Mortality Crossover (Eq. ( 5 )) Decomposition of Population-Level Mortality Crossover (Eq. ( 11 ))  All terms have known sign. All terms have unknown sign...