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in Decomposing Current Mortality Differences Into Initial Differences and Differences in Trends: The Contour Decomposition Method
> Demography
Published: 28 July 2017
Fig. 3 The sequence of element replacement in the four vectors in the direction B→b→a→A
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in The Changing Safety Net for Low-Income Parents and Their Children: Structural or Cyclical Changes in Income Support Policy?
> Demography
Published: 29 January 2018
Fig. 2 Trends in employment, wages, and benefit replacement rates
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The association between universal replacement rate and single-mother povert...
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in Targeting, Universalism, and Single-Mother Poverty: A Multilevel Analysis Across 18 Affluent Democracies
> Demography
Published: 09 March 2012
Fig. 1 The association between universal replacement rate and single-mother poverty rate across 18 affluent Western democracies circa 2000 ( r = –.64)
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Published: 01 April 2024
Fig. 1 Births are about equal when fertility is at replacement level (time t 0 ) and a generation earlier (time t 0 − µ). Births peak at an intermediate time, approximately equal to t 0 − µ / 2.
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Journal Article
Immigration, below-replacement fertility, and long-term national population trends
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Demography (1990) 27 (1): 121–129.
Published: 01 February 1990
...S. Mitra Abstract The long-term demographic effects of immigration on a population experiencing below-replacement fertility are studied by assuming that the size and age composition of the immigrant population do not change over time. The size of the first-generation immigrant population becomes...
Journal Article
Fertility and replacement: Some alternative stochastic models and results for Brazil
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Demography (1984) 21 (4): 519–536.
Published: 01 November 1984
..., and the proportion of these deaths that are replaced by a subsequent birth. In this paper we estimate the parameters of the assumed distributions of these three events using a minimum distance estimation model and data from the 1970 Brazilian census. The parameter estimates are shown to be similar to those obtained...
Journal Article
The replacement effect and comparisons of per capita income across countries: A short note
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Demography (1988) 25 (1): 141–144.
Published: 01 February 1988
...Andrew Mason Abstract This article is intended to clarify two aspects of Leibenstein’s replacement effect that have not been adequately addressed in print. First, formal analysis of the replacement effect demonstrates that it is not determined by the quality of entering and departing workers alone...
View articletitled, The <span class="search-highlight">replacement</span> effect and comparisons of per capita income across countries: A short note
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for article titled, The <span class="search-highlight">replacement</span> effect and comparisons of per capita income across countries: A short note
Journal Article
Immigrants’ ages and the structure of stationary populations with below-replacement fertility
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Demography (1992) 29 (4): 595–612.
Published: 01 November 1992
...Carl P. Schmertmann Abstract A sustained regime of low fertility plus immigration yields an unusual kind of stationary population. The author demonstrates that all stationary populations have a common structure, and that the familiar replacement-level fertility population is the youngest among...
View articletitled, Immigrants’ ages and the structure of stationary populations with below-<span class="search-highlight">replacement</span> fertility
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for article titled, Immigrants’ ages and the structure of stationary populations with below-<span class="search-highlight">replacement</span> fertility
Journal Article
Influence of instantaneous fertility decline to replacement level on population growth: An alternative model
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Demography (1976) 13 (4): 513–519.
Published: 01 November 1976
... * = be 0 0 (1 - rμ /2), where μ is the average age at childbearing of the initial stable population. 26 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1976 1976 Stationary Population Stable Population Fertility Decline Ultimate Population Bare Replacement References Keyfitz...
View articletitled, Influence of instantaneous fertility decline to <span class="search-highlight">replacement</span> level on population growth: An alternative model
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for article titled, Influence of instantaneous fertility decline to <span class="search-highlight">replacement</span> level on population growth: An alternative model
Journal Article
The impact of childhood mortality on Fertility in six rural Thanas of Bangladesh
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Demography (2007) 44 (4): 771–784.
Published: 01 November 2007
... the time to subsequent conception if the death occurs within a given interval, representing the combined effect of biological and volitional replacement. The time to conception is also reduced if a childhood death occurs during a prior birth interval, a finding that signifies an effect of volitional...
Journal Article
Evaluation of the Olsen Technique For Estimating the Fertility Response to Child Mortality
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Demography (1983) 20 (3): 391–405.
Published: 01 August 1983
...James Trussell; Randall Olsen Abstract In a previous issue of this journal, Olsen proposed a technique for quantifying the fertility response to child mortality. To estimate the extent of child replacement, one needs data only on the number of children ever born and the number of child deaths...
Journal Article
Demography (2023) 60 (6): 1721–1746.
Published: 01 December 2023
... birth interval, representing the combined effect of biological and volitional replacement. Deaths occurring during prior birth intervals were associated with accelerated time to conception during future intervals, consistent with hypothesized insurance effects of anticipating future child loss...
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View articletitled, The Impact of Childhood Mortality on Fertility in Rural Tanzania: Evidence From the Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems
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for article titled, The Impact of Childhood Mortality on Fertility in Rural Tanzania: Evidence From the Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems
Journal Article
Immigration and the Stable Population Model
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Demography (1982) 19 (1): 125–133.
Published: 01 February 1982
...Thomas J. Espenshade; Leon F. Bouvier; W. Brian Arthur Abstract This paper reports on work aimed at extending stable population theory to include immigration. Its central finding is that, as long as fertility is below replacement, a constant number and age distribution of immigrants (with fixed...
Journal Article
The effects of differing trends in fertility and of educational advance on the growth, quality, and turnover of the labor force
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Demography (1968) 5 (1): 226–248.
Published: 01 March 1968
... enrollment rates, (b) constant fertility—improving educational enrollment rates, (c) declining fertility—constant educational enrollment rates, and (d) declining fertility—improving educational enrollment rates. The growth, age structure, replacement, and educational attainment rates of the labor force...
View articletitled, The effects of differing trends in fertility and of educational advance on the growth, quality, and turnover of the labor force
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for article titled, The effects of differing trends in fertility and of educational advance on the growth, quality, and turnover of the labor force
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1579–1602.
Published: 28 July 2017
...Fig. 3 The sequence of element replacement in the four vectors in the direction B→b→a→A ...
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View articletitled, Decomposing Current Mortality Differences Into Initial Differences and Differences in Trends: The Contour Decomposition Method
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for article titled, Decomposing Current Mortality Differences Into Initial Differences and Differences in Trends: The Contour Decomposition Method
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Probabilistic Projections of the Total Fertility Rate for All Countries
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Demography (2011) 48 (3): 815–839.
Published: 12 July 2011
... fall below replacement level. It models the decline in TFR as the sum of two logistic functions that depend on the current TFR level, and a random term. A Bayesian hierarchical model is used to project future TFR based on both the country’s TFR history and the pattern of all countries. It is estimated...
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View articletitled, Probabilistic Projections of the Total Fertility Rate for All Countries
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for article titled, Probabilistic Projections of the Total Fertility Rate for All Countries
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Is low fertility a twenty-first-century demographic crisis?
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Demography (2003) 40 (4): 589–603.
Published: 01 November 2003
...S. Philip Morgan Abstract Nearly half of the world’s population in 2000 lived in countries with fertility rates at or below replacement level, and nearly all countries will reach low fertility levels in the next two decades. Concerns about low fertility, fertility that is well below replacement...
Journal Article
The Formal Demography of Peak Population
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Demography (2024) 61 (2): 419–438.
Published: 01 April 2024
...Fig. 1 Births are about equal when fertility is at replacement level (time t 0 ) and a generation earlier (time t 0 − µ). Births peak at an intermediate time, approximately equal to t 0 − µ / 2. ...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Measuring the impact of child mortality on fertility: A methodological note
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Demography (1977) 14 (4): 581–590.
Published: 01 November 1977
...Anne D. Williams Abstract Recent studies of the impact of child mortality on children ever born have used the “replacement factor” to measure mortality. When microlevel data are used, however, use of the replacement factor (or other variables which are nonlinear in the family’s experienced child...
Journal Article
Birth trajectory under changing fertility conditions
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Demography (1975) 12 (3): 447–454.
Published: 01 August 1975
... for the resulting birth trajectory. Exact expressions are also found for the long-time asymptotic behavior of both the birth trajectory and the total population size when the shift in reproductive behavior is to bare replacement level. Accurate approximations to these asymptotic results are then derived and used...
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