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in The Astonishing Population Averted by China’s Birth Restrictions: Estimates, Nightmares, and Reprogrammed Ambitions
> Demography
Published: 31 July 2017
capita PPP; the TFR in these countries has yet to fall to 1.5. In panel b , the years in which GNI/capita reached $3,000 are indicated on the x -axis. Dashed figures are estimated by the author because purchasing power parity (PPP) statistics are available only starting in 1990; estimates assume
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Journal Article
Demography (2023) 60 (3): 809–835.
Published: 01 June 2023
... did so voluntarily. 2 I estimate how assets differ between groups using purchasing power parities (PPP) to convert pesos to dollars to account for U.S.–Mexico differences in the cost of living. I find that both returnee groups have a wealth advantage at older ages relative to stayers when...
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View articletitled, Immigrant Wealth Stratification and Return Migration: The Case of Mexican Immigrants in the United States During the Twentieth Century
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for article titled, Immigrant Wealth Stratification and Return Migration: The Case of Mexican Immigrants in the United States During the Twentieth Century
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Aggregate Population and Economic Growth Correlations: The Role of the Components of Demographic Change
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Demography (1995) 32 (4): 543–555.
Published: 01 November 1995
... affecting productivity and private saving), and distortions in the price of capital (absolute deviations from the sample mean purchasing power parity index of investment). Further clarification of the above models would require dynamic modeling; this rapidly can become complex, even when supplied...
Journal Article
Does Childbearing Affect Cognitive Health in Later Life? Evidence From an Instrumental Variable Approach
Open Access
Demography (2022) 59 (3): 975–994.
Published: 01 June 2022
... as the yearly total net household income. Household income primarily reflects the amount of pension income. We use equivalent household income by dividing household income by the square root of household size. All amounts are measured in euros and are adjusted for purchasing power parity and denominated...
View articletitled, Does Childbearing Affect Cognitive Health in Later Life? Evidence From an Instrumental Variable Approach
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for article titled, Does Childbearing Affect Cognitive Health in Later Life? Evidence From an Instrumental Variable Approach
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
The new immigrant survey pilot (NIS-P): Overview and new findings about U.S. Legal immigrants at admission
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Demography (2000) 37 (1): 127–138.
Published: 01 February 2000
... available on the schooling and language skills of new immigrants and their earnings gains from immigration. 14 1 2011 © Population Association of America 2000 2000 Purchase Power Parity Administrative Record Visa Category Permanent Residence Legal Immigrant References Borjas...
Journal Article
The Astonishing Population Averted by China’s Birth Restrictions: Estimates, Nightmares, and Reprogrammed Ambitions
Available to Purchase
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1375–1400.
Published: 31 July 2017
... capita PPP; the TFR in these countries has yet to fall to 1.5. In panel b , the years in which GNI/capita reached $3,000 are indicated on the x -axis. Dashed figures are estimated by the author because purchasing power parity (PPP) statistics are available only starting in 1990; estimates assume...
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Journal Article
Demography (2023) 60 (6): 1665–1673.
Published: 01 December 2023
... . In appendix Figures C1 and C2 , we document the 2021 U.S. performance using an absolute (“fixed”) measure of poverty in which all countries and years are evaluated at 50% of the U.S. median in 2021. We update income values in all country-years using the Consumer Price Index and Purchasing Power Parity...
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View articletitled, The United States’ Record-Low Child Poverty Rate in International and Historical Perspective: A Research Note
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for article titled, The United States’ Record-Low Child Poverty Rate in International and Historical Perspective: A Research Note
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Measuring living standards with proxy variables
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Demography (2000) 37 (2): 155–174.
Published: 01 May 2000
... amounts to their equivalents in international U.S. dollars in the survey year. The con- version involves the use of indices of purchasing power parity (PPP) taken from the most recent Penn World Tables of version Mark 5.6, an update of the data described in Summers and Heston (1991). For Tanzania...
Journal Article
The impact of family policy expenditure on fertility in western Europe
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Demography (2010) 47 (2): 503–519.
Published: 01 May 2010
... for purchasing power parities. Tables 3 5 show little convergence despite European Union efforts to inÀ uence national family policy.6 Rather, they show considerable variation in (the changes in) ex- penditure on the three family policy programs. For instance, looking at change per year in 1980 2003, Table 3...
Journal Article
Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe
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Demography (2018) 55 (4): 1195–1232.
Published: 07 June 2018
..., H4 predicts highest parity progression rates for highly educated homogamous couples because of a pooling effect of both partners’ resources to a collaborative partnership. More precisely, H5 predicts higher parity progression rates for those “power couples” than for hypogamous couples with a highly...
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Journal Article
Sex preference and fertility behavior: A study of recent Indian data
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Demography (1987) 24 (4): 517–530.
Published: 01 November 1987
..., caste, social participation, land holding, type of house, farm power, household material possession, and type of family, including family size and its distinctive features. The items on which information was available for the urban scale were education, occupation, monthly income, type of house...
Journal Article
Demography (2021) 58 (3): 847–870.
Published: 01 June 2021
... the death of any of the four grandparents. R -squared fit measures are identical across models, indicating no loss of explanatory power resulting from the aggregation of the individual grandparental coefficients by gender and kinship relation. The estimated effect on this aggregated binary variable...
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View articletitled, The Impact of Grandparental Death on the Fertility of Adult Children
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for article titled, The Impact of Grandparental Death on the Fertility of Adult Children
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
A Research Note on Unconditional Cash Transfers and Fertility in the United States: New Causal Evidence
Open Access
Demography (2025) 62 (2): 405–417.
Published: 01 April 2025
.... Increasing an individual's purchasing power with additional economic resources, such as those provided in unconditional cash transfers, might better enable parents to meet their fertility and reproductive goals, whether those goals are to become pregnant and give birth or to avoid or terminate pregnancies...
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View articletitled, A Research Note on Unconditional Cash Transfers and Fertility in the United States: New Causal Evidence
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for article titled, A Research Note on Unconditional Cash Transfers and Fertility in the United States: New Causal Evidence
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Adult height and childhood disease
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Demography (2009) 46 (4): 647–669.
Published: 01 November 2009
... and stabilization of heights. The right panel of Table 2 looks at what happens when we introduce two other possible determinants of height: real income per head (measured by the log of real per capita GDP in purchasing power parity dollars) and NNM, both in the year of birth. Otherwise, we follow the same procedure...
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1579–1602.
Published: 28 July 2017
... and Development (OECD) . ( 2016 ). Current expenditure on health, per capita, US$ purchasing power parities (current prices, current PPPs) [OECD Health Statistics 2016 Database]. ( 2016 ). Paris, France : OECD Publishing Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/els/healthsystems/health-data.htm . Pollard...
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View articletitled, Decomposing Current Mortality Differences Into Initial Differences and Differences in Trends: The Contour Decomposition Method
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for article titled, Decomposing Current Mortality Differences Into Initial Differences and Differences in Trends: The Contour Decomposition Method
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Age-Specific Correlates of Child Growth
Open Access
Demography (2016) 53 (1): 241–267.
Published: 04 January 2016
...) available online ( www.emdat.be ). We take World Bank data on GDP per capita in constant 2011 international dollars, adjusted for differences in purchasing power parity (PPP) across countries. Because age of children is measured in months and GDP data are available only on an annual basis, we create...
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View articletitled, Age-Specific Correlates of Child Growth
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for article titled, Age-Specific Correlates of Child Growth
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Is low fertility a twenty-first-century demographic crisis?
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Demography (2003) 40 (4): 589–603.
Published: 01 November 2003
... for the continued decline of fertility below replacement levels points to powerful trends toward individualism and self-actualization. But are these trends inevitably antinatalist? Giddens (1991) theorized wide-ranging effects of the rejection of the traditional structured life course. People now have great...
Journal Article
Employment trends of young mothers and the opportunity cost of babies in the United States
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Demography (1979) 16 (2): 177–197.
Published: 01 May 1979
... References Bahr S. J. ( 1974 ). Effects on Power and Division of Labor in the Family . In Lois W. Hoffman , & F. I. Nye (Eds.), Working Mothers (pp. 167 – 185 ). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass . Becker Gary S. ( 1975 ). Human Capital . Second edition. New York...
Journal Article
Returns on Lifetime Investments in Children in Egypt
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Demography (2013) 50 (2): 699–724.
Published: 07 November 2012
... indicators than other parts of Egypt and has less customary family forms. In 2004, almost all households had electricity (99 %) and piped water (93 %), the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) slightly exceeded the national average ($6,643 vs. $6,142 in purchasing power parity), and proportionately fewer...
Journal Article
Education and fertility in sub-Saharan africa: Individual and community effects
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Demography (2002) 39 (2): 233–250.
Published: 01 May 2002
... a stronger preference for other sources of satisfaction; and (7) experience lower infant and child mortality rates, which influence desires through replacement and insur- ance effects. These fertility-inhibiting effects may be set off against the possibly stimulat- ing impact of a higher purchasing power...
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