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Journal Article

Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis

Open Access
David Powell
Demography (2023) 60 (6): 1843–1875.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11077660
Published: 01 December 2023
... and stimulating growth in illicit opioid markets. Areas more exposed to reformulation—as measured by pre-reformulation rates of OxyContin misuse in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health—were more affected by the transition to illicit opioids and experienced sharper growth in child suicide rates. The evidence...
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View articletitled, Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis View PDF for article titled, Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis
Includes: Supplementary data
Image
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources.

National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measu...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources. More
Image
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources.

National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measu...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources. More
Image
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources.

National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measu...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources. More
Image
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources.

National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measu...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources. More
Image
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources.

National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measu...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 5 National time series trends for possible pathways. National trends in measures were impacted by reformulation. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. See text for discussion of data sources. More
Image
Fig. 4 Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000, ages 10–17. 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for clustering at the state level. The 2009 estimate is normalized to zero. The estimated specification included state × race × age × sex fixed effects and year × race × age × sex × census region fixed effects and was weighted by population size. Specification also included controls for fraction of the population that is White, fraction that is Black, the minimum wage, anti-bullying laws, PDMPs, and “mandatory access” PDMPs. The outcome was suicides or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010.

Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. More
Image
Fig. 4 Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000, ages 10–17. 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for clustering at the state level. The 2009 estimate is normalized to zero. The estimated specification included state × race × age × sex fixed effects and year × race × age × sex × census region fixed effects and was weighted by population size. Specification also included controls for fraction of the population that is White, fraction that is Black, the minimum wage, anti-bullying laws, PDMPs, and “mandatory access” PDMPs. The outcome was suicides or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010.

Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. More
Image
Fig. 4 Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000, ages 10–17. 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for clustering at the state level. The 2009 estimate is normalized to zero. The estimated specification included state × race × age × sex fixed effects and year × race × age × sex × census region fixed effects and was weighted by population size. Specification also included controls for fraction of the population that is White, fraction that is Black, the minimum wage, anti-bullying laws, PDMPs, and “mandatory access” PDMPs. The outcome was suicides or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010.

Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. More
Image
Fig. 4 Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000, ages 10–17. 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for clustering at the state level. The 2009 estimate is normalized to zero. The estimated specification included state × race × age × sex fixed effects and year × race × age × sex × census region fixed effects and was weighted by population size. Specification also included controls for fraction of the population that is White, fraction that is Black, the minimum wage, anti-bullying laws, PDMPs, and “mandatory access” PDMPs. The outcome was suicides or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010.

Difference-in-differences estimates for suicide and overdose deaths per 100...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
or overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. Each point estimate represents the coefficient for the year on the pre-reformulation nonmedical OxyContin misuse (%) variable. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. More
Image
Fig. 2 Suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1980–2020. Data represent national time series for 1980–2020 for suicides, suicides excluding those jointly designated as overdoses, and overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010.

Suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1980–2020. Data ...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 2 Suicide and overdose deaths per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1980–2020. Data represent national time series for 1980–2020 for suicides, suicides excluding those jointly designated as overdoses, and overdoses per 100,000 for ages 10–17. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line More
Image
Fig. 3 Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Suicides per 100,000 are plotted over time for different demographic groups. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. AI/AN = American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI = Asian American and Pacific Islander.

Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Su...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 3 Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Suicides per 100,000 are plotted over time for different demographic groups. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. AI/AN = American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI = Asian American More
Image
Fig. 3 Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Suicides per 100,000 are plotted over time for different demographic groups. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. AI/AN = American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI = Asian American and Pacific Islander.

Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Su...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 3 Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Suicides per 100,000 are plotted over time for different demographic groups. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. AI/AN = American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI = Asian American More
Image
Fig. 3 Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Suicides per 100,000 are plotted over time for different demographic groups. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. AI/AN = American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI = Asian American and Pacific Islander.

Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Su...

Open Access
in Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 3 Suicides per 100,000 for ages 10–17 for 1999–2020 by sex, race, and age. Suicides per 100,000 are plotted over time for different demographic groups. OxyContin reformulation is indicated by a vertical line in 2010. AI/AN = American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI = Asian American More
Journal Article

The Contribution of Drug Overdose to Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy in the United States, 1992–2011

Available to Purchase
Jessica Y. Ho
Demography (2017) 54 (3): 1175–1202.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0565-3
Published: 21 March 2017
...-deterrent reformulation of OxyContin in 2010 and significant increases in the availability of cheap, high-grade heroin throughout the United States. 2 In this article, I focus on the more-educated as one particular group of social elites. 3 These are deaths for which the underlying cause...
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Third thumbnail for: The Contribution of Drug Overdose to Educational G...
View articletitled, The Contribution of Drug Overdose to Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy in the United States, 1992–2011 View PDF for article titled, The Contribution of Drug Overdose to Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy in the United States, 1992–2011
Journal Article

Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States

Open Access
Pinghui Wu, Michael Evangelist
Demography (2022) 59 (2): 485–509.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9772414
Published: 01 April 2022
... with the introduction of the prescription pain reliever OxyContin in the mid-1990s and lasted through 2010 with the reformulation of OxyContin to deter abuse ( Dasgupta et al. 2017 ; Kiang et al. 2019 ; Ruhm 2019 ). During this phase, the number of opioid prescriptions more than quadrupled, reaching a peak of 250...
FIGURES
First thumbnail for: Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortali...
View articletitled, Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States View PDF for article titled, Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Pain Trends Among American Adults, 2002–2018: Patterns, Disparities, and Correlates

Open Access
Anna Zajacova, Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk, Zachary Zimmer
Demography (2021) 58 (2): 711–738.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-8977691
Published: 01 April 2021
..., pharmaceutical companies developed and aggressively marketed numerous new and reformulated opioid analgesics, most notoriously Purdue Pharma's OxyContin, introduced in 1996 ( Jones et al. 2018 ; Tompkins et al. 2017 ). Americans may have begun reporting pain more readily, in the (mistaken) belief that chronic...
FIGURES
First thumbnail for: Pain Trends Among American Adults, 2002–2018: Patt...
Second thumbnail for: Pain Trends Among American Adults, 2002–2018: Patt...
View articletitled, Pain Trends Among American Adults, 2002–2018: Patterns, Disparities, and Correlates View PDF for article titled, Pain Trends Among American Adults, 2002–2018: Patterns, Disparities, and Correlates
Includes: Supplementary data