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Journal Article

Defining and Identifying Only Children: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data

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Jenny Chanfreau, Alice Goisis
Demography (2024) 61 (1): 1–14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11123969
Published: 01 February 2024
...Jenny Chanfreau; Alice Goisis Abstract Despite increasing interest in the circumstances and outcomes of only children in the demographic literature, the conceptualization of this group has received limited scholarly attention. This research note argues for greater engagement by demographers...
FIGURES
View articletitled, Defining and Identifying <span class="search-highlight">Only</span> <span class="search-highlight">Children</span>: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data View PDF for article titled, Defining and Identifying <span class="search-highlight">Only</span> <span class="search-highlight">Children</span>: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data
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Fig. 1 Percentage of only children at different ages in the 2001 cohort. Cross-sectional sample sizes are 18,550 (at 9 months), 15,589 (at 3 years), 15,246 (at 5 years), 13,857 (at 7 years), 13,286 (at 11 years), 11,725 (at 14 years), and 10,622 (at 17 years). Longitudinal n = 7,838. All analyses are weighted for nonresponse. An asterisk indicates sweeps in which the mother was asked about her own children living elsewhere. Whiskers indicate 95% confidence intervals.

Percentage of only children at different ages in the 2001 cohort. Cross-sec...

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in Defining and Identifying Only Children: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data > Demography
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 1 Percentage of only children at different ages in the 2001 cohort. Cross-sectional sample sizes are 18,550 (at 9 months), 15,589 (at 3 years), 15,246 (at 5 years), 13,857 (at 7 years), 13,286 (at 11 years), 11,725 (at 14 years), and 10,622 (at 17 years). Longitudinal n  = 7,838. All More
Image
Fig. 1 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant (p &lt; .05).

Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only so...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 1 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically More
Image
Fig. 2 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for Turkey and Egypt. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant (p &lt; .05); hollow symbols indicate the difference is not statistically significant (p ≥ .05).

Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only so...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 2 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for Turkey and Egypt. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant ( p More
Image
Fig. 5 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Cambodia. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant (p &lt; .05).

Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only so...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 5 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Cambodia. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically More
Image
Fig. 6 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant (p &lt; .05); hollow symbols indicate the difference is not statistically significant (p ≥ .05).

Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only so...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 6 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave for India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant More
Image
Fig. 7 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave in patrilocal and nonpatrilocal provinces of Indonesia. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant (p &lt; .05).

Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only so...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 7 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters by survey wave in patrilocal and nonpatrilocal provinces of Indonesia. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves More
Image
Fig. 8 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters from 1992 to 2015 for selected Indian states. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant (p &lt; .05); hollow symbols indicate the difference is not statistically significant (p ≥ .05).

Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only so...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 8 Mean number of children for mothers aged 40–49 and proportions with only sons and only daughters from 1992 to 2015 for selected Indian states. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Solid symbols indicate the difference between first and last waves is statistically significant More
Journal Article

Sibling Availability, Sibling Sorting, and Subjective Health Among Chinese Adults

Open Access
Haowei Wang, Ashton M. Verdery, Rachel Margolis
Demography (2024) 61 (3): 797–827.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11376831
Published: 01 June 2024
...Haowei Wang; Ashton M. Verdery; Rachel Margolis Abstract Despite rising numbers of only children in China, little is known about their family dynamics and well-being in adulthood—for example, how often they marry other only children and whether those in siblingless families have worse or better...
FIGURES
View articletitled, Sibling Availability, Sibling Sorting, and Subjective Health Among Chinese Adults View PDF for article titled, Sibling Availability, Sibling Sorting, and Subjective Health Among Chinese Adults
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Family Size and the Quality of Children

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Judith Blake
Demography (1981) 18 (4): 421–442.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060941
Published: 01 November 1981
..., the more children the lower the quality of each child) and indicates that only children do not suffer from lack of siblings, and that other last-borns are not handicapped by a “teaching deficit.” Number of siblings (relative to other background variables) is found to have an important detrimental impact...
View articletitled, Family Size and the Quality of <span class="search-highlight">Children</span> View PDF for article titled, Family Size and the Quality of <span class="search-highlight">Children</span>
Journal Article

Family Norms and Declining First-Marriage Rates: The Role of Sibship Position in the Japanese Marriage Market

Open Access
Fumiya Uchikoshi, James M. Raymo, Shohei Yoda
Demography (2023) 60 (3): 939–963.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-10741873
Published: 01 June 2023
... signals a higher potential of caregiving obligations, especially only-children. Another is that changes in marriage propensities, rather than changing sibship composition, explain most of the observed decline in marriage rates. We also found that marriage propensity changes mitigate the impact...
FIGURES
View articletitled, Family Norms and Declining First-Marriage Rates: The Role of Sibship Position in the Japanese Marriage Market View PDF for article titled, Family Norms and Declining First-Marriage Rates: The Role of Sibship Position in the Japanese Marriage Market
Includes: Supplementary data
Image
Difference in the probability of being behind in school between children living with a same-sex couple and their peers living with a different-sex couple. Lines indicate the difference between the average predicted probability of being behind in school for children living with a same-sex couple and the average predicted probability of being behind in school for children living with a different-sex couple. Predicted probabilities are based on logistic regression models controlling for age. Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster children are excluded. The solid line is based on Model 1 from Table D1 in the online appendix, which controls only for age. The gray region indicates the 95 % confidence interval for the solid line only. The following variables are included for the difference indicated by the dashed line: parental age; number of siblings; presence of nonparent/sibling in the household; child’s sex, race/ethnicity, and disabilities; region; family income; and highest parental education. Sample weights are included.

Difference in the probability of being behind in school between children li...

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in Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time > Demography
Published: 23 January 2019
couple and the average predicted probability of being behind in school for children living with a different-sex couple. Predicted probabilities are based on logistic regression models controlling for age. Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster More
Journal Article

Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time

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Diederik Boertien, Fabrizio Bernardi
Demography (2019) 56 (2): 477–501.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0759-3
Published: 23 January 2019
... couple and the average predicted probability of being behind in school for children living with a different-sex couple. Predicted probabilities are based on logistic regression models controlling for age. Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster...
FIGURES | View All (6)
View articletitled, Same-Sex Parents and <span class="search-highlight">Children’s</span> School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time View PDF for article titled, Same-Sex Parents and <span class="search-highlight">Children’s</span> School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time
Includes: Supplementary data
Image
Probability of being behind in school according to family type and child/household head relationship. The model controls for age. Sample weights are included. Biological/adopted/stepchild indicates the relationship of the child to the household head. Different-sex/same-sex indicates the sex-composition of the household head and the head’s partner. Only children whose parent is the head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster children are excluded.

Probability of being behind in school according to family type and child/ho...

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in Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time > Demography
Published: 23 January 2019
the sex-composition of the household head and the head’s partner. Only children whose parent is the head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster children are excluded. More
Image
Fig. 3 Scatterplots of mean numbers of children by proportion of mothers aged 40–49 with only sons and only daughters for all waves (n = 290)

Scatterplots of mean numbers of children by proportion of mothers aged 40–4...

Open Access
in The Rise of Sonless Families in Asia and North Africa > Demography
Published: 01 April 2022
Fig. 3 Scatterplots of mean numbers of children by proportion of mothers aged 40–49 with only sons and only daughters for all waves ( n  = 290) More
Image
Fig. 5 Binned scatter plot showing the individual-level association of measured son bias and fertility outcomes. Because only children are extremely rare in Armenia, we restrict our analysis to parents with two or more children. In all regression, we control for subject-type fixed effects. To facilitate comparisons of the effect sizes, we standardize our measures of implicit son bias (D scores) and explicit son bias (index values) to have 0 mean and unit variance.

Binned scatter plot showing the individual-level association of measured so...

Open Access
in Investigating the Structure of Son Bias in Armenia With Novel Measures of Individual Preferences > Demography
Published: 01 October 2021
Fig. 5 Binned scatter plot showing the individual-level association of measured son bias and fertility outcomes. Because only children are extremely rare in Armenia, we restrict our analysis to parents with two or more children. In all regression, we control for subject-type fixed effects More
Journal Article

The influence of number and ages of children on residential mobility

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Larry H. Long
Demography (1972) 9 (3): 371–382.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060860
Published: 01 August 1972
... with children under 6 years old only are the most mobile both within and between counties, followed by those with children under 6 and 6–17 years old, and followed in turn by families with children 6–17 years old only. The relationship between number of children and the probability of moving within counties has...
View articletitled, The influence of number and ages of <span class="search-highlight">children</span> on residential mobility View PDF for article titled, The influence of number and ages of <span class="search-highlight">children</span> on residential mobility
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Differences in the probability of being behind in school between children living with same-sex and different-sex couples according to year and legalization of same-sex marriage in state. The line indicates the difference in predicted probabilities after predicting being behind in school based on an interaction between recognition of same-sex marriage or civil union in 2010 in state (dummy variable), living with a same-sex couple (dummy variable), and year (categorical variable) in a logistic regression. Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster children are excluded. The model controls for child’s age. Sample weights are included. The gray region indicates the 95 % confidence interval for the solid line.

Differences in the probability of being behind in school between children l...

Available to Purchase
in Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time > Demography
Published: 23 January 2019
based on an interaction between recognition of same-sex marriage or civil union in 2010 in state (dummy variable), living with a same-sex couple (dummy variable), and year (categorical variable) in a logistic regression. Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner More
Image
Differences in the probability of being behind in school between children living with same-sex and different-sex couples according to disapproval toward same-sex marriage in area. The line indicates the difference in predicted probabilities after predicting being behind in school based on an interaction between attitudes (continuous) and living with a same-sex couple (dummy variable). Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster children are excluded. The model controls for child’s age and year. Sample weights are included. The gray region indicates the 95 % confidence interval. Disapproval comes from GSS data and is based on the average extent to which individuals in the area disagreed with the statement, “Homosexual couples have the right to marry.”

Differences in the probability of being behind in school between children l...

Available to Purchase
in Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time > Demography
Published: 23 January 2019
on an interaction between attitudes (continuous) and living with a same-sex couple (dummy variable). Only children whose parent is head of household and has a coresidential partner are included; foster children are excluded. The model controls for child’s age and year. Sample weights are included. The gray region More
Journal Article

The Evolution of Family Complexity from the Perspective of Nonmarital Children

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Maria Cancian, Daniel R. Meyer, Steven T. Cook
Demography (2011) 48 (3): 957–982.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0041-4
Published: 14 June 2011
...-siblings would be qualitatively lower if we had fertility information on only one parent. Complex family structures are more likely for children of parents who are younger or who have low earnings and for those in larger urban areas. Children who have half-siblings on their mother’s side are also more...
FIGURES
View articletitled, The Evolution of Family Complexity from the Perspective of Nonmarital <span class="search-highlight">Children</span> View PDF for article titled, The Evolution of Family Complexity from the Perspective of Nonmarital <span class="search-highlight">Children</span>
Includes: Supplementary data