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Journal Article
Do children from welfare families obtain less education?
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Demography (2003) 40 (1): 151–170.
Published: 01 February 2003
... is less consistent. Although exposure to welfare in early childhood has no effect, in adolescence and, to a lesser degree, in middle childhood, its effect is often negative. 14 1 2011 © Population Association of America 2003 2003 High School Graduation Middle Childhood High School...
Journal Article
The Unequal Consequences of Mass Incarceration for Children
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Demography (2017) 54 (1): 361–389.
Published: 06 January 2017
... = 3,065) to estimate the heterogeneous relationship between paternal incarceration and children’s problem behaviors (internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and early juvenile delinquency) and cognitive skills (reading comprehension, math comprehension, and verbal ability) in middle childhood...
View articletitled, The Unequal Consequences of Mass Incarceration for Children
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Childhood Family Structure and Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States
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Demography (2017) 54 (2): 541–569.
Published: 17 March 2017
... in public policies or private business practices. Changes in normative evaluations of different childhood family structures also might alter the mobility and inequality associations documented here. The fact that family instability appears most tightly associated with mobility toward the middle and top...
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Journal Article
Reconstructing childhood health histories
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Demography (2009) 46 (2): 387–403.
Published: 01 May 2009
... they had during childhood, quite well. Moreover, these physical and psychological childhood health events are important correlates of adult health during middle age. 13 1 2011 © Population Association of America 2009 2009 Childhood Health Measle Health History Adult Health Childhood...
Journal Article
Gender differences in the link between childhood socioeconomic conditions and heart attack risk in adulthood
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Demography (2007) 44 (1): 137–158.
Published: 01 February 2007
..., however, are based on middle-aged male populations and pay insufficient attention to the pathways between childhood risks and specific adult disorders. This article examines gender differences in the link between childhood SES and heart attack risk trajectories and the mechanisms by which early...
View articletitled, Gender differences in the link between <span class="search-highlight">childhood</span> socioeconomic conditions and heart attack risk in adulthood
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for article titled, Gender differences in the link between <span class="search-highlight">childhood</span> socioeconomic conditions and heart attack risk in adulthood
Journal Article
Diverging Destinies: Maternal Education and the Developmental Gradient in Time With Children
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Demography (2012) 49 (4): 1361–1383.
Published: 11 August 2012
... of the Society for Research in Child Development , 45 ( 6–7 ), 1 – 115 . 10.2307/1166011 Collins W. A. , Madsen S. D. , & Susman-Stillman A. ( 2002 ). Parenting during middle childhood . In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (pp. 73 – 101 ). 2 Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum...
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Journal Article
The Simultaneous Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Child Health on Children’s Cognitive Development
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Demography (2017) 54 (5): 1845–1871.
Published: 23 August 2017
... from birth into the school years. 2 The data contain repeated measures of family socioeconomic conditions, child health, and child cognitive achievement during early to middle childhood, alongside a rich array of time-constant and time-varying covariates. The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing...
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View articletitled, The Simultaneous Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Child Health on Children’s Cognitive Development
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for article titled, The Simultaneous Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Child Health on Children’s Cognitive Development
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Trends in the Developmental Gradient in Mothers’ Parenting Time by Maternal Education, 2003–2019
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Demography (2025) 62 (1): 159–181.
Published: 01 February 2025
... for school. As peers and schools gradually take over the provision of care, play, and teaching, managing children's extrafamilial social networks and extracurricular activities becomes increasingly important during middle childhood. A parenting time investment approach that adjusts the priority of parenting...
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View articletitled, Trends in the Developmental Gradient in Mothers’ Parenting Time by Maternal Education, 2003–2019
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for article titled, Trends in the Developmental Gradient in Mothers’ Parenting Time by Maternal Education, 2003–2019
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Family and neighborhood sources of socioeconomic inequality in children’s achievement
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Demography (2010) 47 (3): 777–800.
Published: 01 August 2010
... shown that cognitive performance increases dramatically during middle childhood (Waber et al. 2007) and that brain maturation associ- ated with cognitive skills continues through adolescence (Gogtay et al. 2004). Aber et al. (1997) and McCulloch and Joshi (2001) hypothesized that neighborhood effects...
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (6): 2215–2246.
Published: 01 December 2022
... outcomes during middle childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. The NLSY79-CYA typically administers questions to children on the basis of their age, not the survey year; for example, the temperament questions are given to all those under age 7 in any survey year. Therefore, siblings' data for each...
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View articletitled, Maternal Age, Early <span class="search-highlight">Childhood</span> Temperament, and Youth Outcomes
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for article titled, Maternal Age, Early <span class="search-highlight">Childhood</span> Temperament, and Youth Outcomes
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
One Size May Not Fit All: How Obesity Among Mexican-Origin Youth Varies by Generation, Gender, and Age
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Demography (2016) 53 (6): 2031–2043.
Published: 21 November 2016
...-origin: p < .05 Ethnic and generational differences in boys’ predicted probability of obesity are wider among middle childhood–aged boys. Second-generation Mexican-origin boys have higher predicted probabilities of obesity than whites at every age tested, but their predicted probability...
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View articletitled, One Size May Not Fit All: How Obesity Among Mexican-Origin Youth Varies by Generation, Gender, and Age
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for article titled, One Size May Not Fit All: How Obesity Among Mexican-Origin Youth Varies by Generation, Gender, and Age
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Age at Arrival and Life Chances Among Childhood Immigrants
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Demography (2017) 54 (1): 201–229.
Published: 04 January 2017
... piecewise linear spline segments (Marsh and Cormier 2002 ), which allow the age-at-arrival effects to vary across early childhood (i.e., ages 0–6), middle childhood (i.e., ages 7–12), and adolescence (i.e., ages 13–18). The coefficients in both panels refer to the linear effect of one-year increments...
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Journal Article
Rising Household Debt and Children’s Socioemotional Well-being Trajectories
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Demography (2019) 56 (4): 1273–1301.
Published: 10 July 2019
... trajectories rather than by snapshots of behavior at given points in time (Costello and Angold 2000 ; Kraemer et al. 2000 ). We explicitly consider how changes in household debt are associated with trajectories of children’s socioemotional well-being over the course of middle childhood through early...
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View articletitled, Rising Household Debt and Children’s Socioemotional Well-being Trajectories
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for article titled, Rising Household Debt and Children’s Socioemotional Well-being Trajectories
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Residential Mobility Across Early Childhood and Children’s Kindergarten Readiness
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Demography (2018) 55 (2): 485–510.
Published: 28 February 2018
... ). These residential mobility estimates are considerably higher than in middle childhood and adolescence (Haynie et al. 2006 ; Root and Humphrey 2014 ). Early childhood appears to be an especially mobile life stage, but it is also an age at which stability may be particularly important for development (Shonkoff...
View articletitled, Residential Mobility Across Early <span class="search-highlight">Childhood</span> and Children’s Kindergarten Readiness
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for article titled, Residential Mobility Across Early <span class="search-highlight">Childhood</span> and Children’s Kindergarten Readiness
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Economic Assimilation and Skill Acquisition: Evidence From the Occupational Sorting of Childhood Immigrants
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Demography (2017) 54 (2): 571–602.
Published: 17 March 2017
.... Compared with younger arrivals or those from (close to) Anglophone origins, child migrants from English-distant countries who immigrated after middle childhood find it difficult to learn a second language, having been exposed to numeracy training and school-level socialization in their home countries...
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View articletitled, Economic Assimilation and Skill Acquisition: Evidence From the Occupational Sorting of <span class="search-highlight">Childhood</span> Immigrants
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for article titled, Economic Assimilation and Skill Acquisition: Evidence From the Occupational Sorting of <span class="search-highlight">Childhood</span> Immigrants
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Residential father family type and child well-being: Investment versus selection
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Demography (2006) 43 (1): 53–77.
Published: 01 February 2006
.... , & Duncan , G.J. ( 1999 ). The Structure of Achievement and Behavior Across Middle Childhood . Child Development , 70 , 930 – 43 . 10.1111/1467-8624.00067 Kreider , R.M. , & Fields , J.M. ( 2002 ). Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: 1996 . Washington, DC...
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (1): 111–136.
Published: 01 February 2022
..., multipartner fertility, and behavior in middle childhood . Journal of Marriage and Family , 79 , 75 – 93 . Goldin C. , Katz L. F. , & Kuziemko I. ( 2006 ). The homecoming of American college women: The reversal of the college gender gap . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 20...
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View articletitled, Gendered Diverging Destinies: Changing Family Structures and the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities Among Sons and Daughters in the United States
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for article titled, Gendered Diverging Destinies: Changing Family Structures and the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities Among Sons and Daughters in the United States
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (1): 367–390.
Published: 28 November 2018
... . Magnuson , K. ( 2007 ). Maternal education and children’s academic achievement during middle childhood . Developmental Psychology , 43 , 1497 – 1512 . 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1497 . Magnuson , K. , Waldfogel , J. , & Washbrook , E. ( 2012 ). SES gradients in skills during...
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View articletitled, Income-Related Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada?
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for article titled, Income-Related Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada?
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Many Kinds of Poverty: Three Dimensions of Economic Hardship, Their Combinations, and Children’s Behavior Problems
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Demography (2019) 56 (6): 2279–2305.
Published: 05 December 2019
..., material deprivation, and subjective financial stress (i.e., manifest experiences of economic hardship) relative to each other during childhood? Second, to what degree is each experience of economic hardship associated with children’s behavior problems in early and middle childhood? And third, to what...
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Journal Article
Nontraditional families and childhood progress through school
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Demography (2010) 47 (3): 755–775.
Published: 01 August 2010
.... , & Duncan G.J. ( 1999 ). The Structure of Achievement and Behavior Across Middle Childhood . Child Development , 70 , 930 – 43 . 10.1111/1467-8624.00067 Lareau A. ( 2003 ). Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life . Berkeley : University of California Press . Lechner M...
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