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Journal Article
Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort Problem
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Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1945–1967.
Published: 26 September 2013
... to impose few assumptions and to yield good estimates of the independent effects of age, period, and cohort groups. This article assesses the validity and application scope of IE theoretically and illustrates its properties with simulations. It shows that IE implicitly assumes a constraint on the linear age...
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Journal Article
Comment of Liying Luo’s Article, “Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort Problem”
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Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1973–1975.
Published: 17 October 2013
... the linear trends of the age coefficients, period coefficients, and cohort coefficients. Second, the IE is a biased estimate of the age, period, and cohort coefficients that generated the outcome data, unless the constraint on the linear trends imposed by the IE is the same as the linear trends...
View articletitled, Comment of Liying Luo’s Article, “Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort Problem”
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for article titled, Comment of Liying Luo’s Article, “Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort Problem”
Journal Article
Paradigm Shift in Age-Period-Cohort Analysis: A Response to Yang and Land, O’Brien, Held and Riebler, and Fienberg
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Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1985–1988.
Published: 12 November 2013
... statisticians, including Fienberg and H&R, that IE has attracted so much attention and has served as the basis for so much substantive research. Many substantive researchers are misled by incorrect claims that IE “removes the arbitrariness of linear constraints on parameters” (Yang 2008 :398) and thus...
Journal Article
Recent trends in the process of stratification
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Demography (1990) 27 (4): 617–637.
Published: 01 November 1990
... across years (e.g., Hout 1988). When the annual detail is retained, it becomes possible to test for trends by imposing simple linear and nonlinear constraints on the parameters of the models (DiPrete & Cnisky 1990a). These types of tests will be presented throughout the following sections. The GSS...
Journal Article
Bounding Analyses of Age-Period-Cohort Effects
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Demography (2019) 56 (5): 1975–2004.
Published: 28 August 2019
... in population-level data. Fundamental to our framework is the recognition that it is only the slopes of an APC model that are unidentified, not the nonlinearities or particular combinations of the linear effects. One can thus use constraints implied by the data along with explicit theoretical claims to bound...
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View articletitled, Bounding Analyses of Age-Period-Cohort Effects
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for article titled, Bounding Analyses of Age-Period-Cohort Effects
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Journal Article
Comment on “Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) Problem”
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Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1977–1979.
Published: 17 October 2013
..., and will obviously influence the resulting estimates. Luo identifies the IE as an approach that uses a specific linear constraint, as arbitrary as any other constraint. We are somewhat puzzled to see that the IE has received so much attention in the sociological literature even though, by its very nature...
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View articletitled, Comment on “Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) Problem”
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Journal Article
Cohort Analysis’ Unholy Quest: A Discussion
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Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1981–1984.
Published: 17 October 2013
... on to explain what all this meant and illustrated the enterprise through careful calculations and analyses. We chose to illustrate the untangling of linear components using substantively motivated equality constraints, but we also checked on sensitivity via sequences of over-constraints, thus capturing aspects...
Journal Article
The Emergence of Educational Hypogamy in India
Open Access
Demography (2020) 57 (4): 1215–1240.
Published: 10 June 2020
... decades. Log-linear analyses further reveal that declining hypergamy is largely generated by the rise in education levels, whereas hypogamous marriages continue to increase even after marginal distributions are taken into account. Further multivariate analyses show that highly educated women tend to marry...
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Journal Article
Trends in U.S. adult chronic disease mortality, 1960–1999: age, period, and cohort variations
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Demography (2008) 45 (2): 387–416.
Published: 01 May 2008
... at least one equality constraint on two or more of the age, period, or cohort coef cients (e.g., Fienberg and Mason 1985; Mason et al. 1973). This has been referred to as the constrained generalized linear models (CGLIM) approach (Yang et al. 2004). For example, one can constrain the effect coef cients...
Journal Article
A mathematical model for resource allocation in population programs
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Demography (1972) 9 (3): 465–483.
Published: 01 August 1972
... specified level, say K, by the end of the planning horizon, or eRR = birth~ in !ear T < K populatIOn m year T - .. ~'l-t i' I I L: aiXi.T + L (3i Yi T = i-I i < K N l' -, L: X i T + L Y i T i-I 4 which becomes the linear constraint 472 DEMOGRAPHY, volume 9, number 3, August 1972 N l' - K L:x - K L: Y...
Journal Article
Combining registration-system and survey data to estimate birth probabilities
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Demography (2000) 37 (2): 187–192.
Published: 01 May 2000
... constrained ML estimator with commercially available nonlinear programming (NLP) software (SAS In- stitute 1997). This provides a flexible environment for im- posing a wide range of objective functions and nonlinear or linear constraints. The NLP procedure also calculates stan- dard errors. The use...
Journal Article
Proportional hazards models for current status data: Application to the study of differentials in age at weaning in Pakistan
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Demography (1986) 23 (4): 607–620.
Published: 01 November 1986
... ). Spline regression . The American Statistician , 31 , 53 – 54 . McDonald , J. W. , & Diamond , I. D. ( 1983 ). Fitting generalized linear models with linear inequality parameter constraints . The GLIM Newsletter , 8 , 29 – 36 . McDonald, J. W. 1984. On the fitting...
Journal Article
The contribution of medical measures to the decline of mortality from respiratory tuberculosis: An ageperiod-cohort model
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Demography (1982) 19 (3): 409–427.
Published: 01 August 1982
... into the original variables to provide the necessary parameter estimates. This approach is equivalent to placing linear constraints on the coefficients and these constraints are not ad hoc. They are constraints demanded by the data. While this approach is somewhat arbitrary, it does highlight the multicollinearity...
Journal Article
Demography (2016) 53 (4): 1245–1252.
Published: 12 May 2016
... constraint is not satisfied in simulated data with both linear and nonlinear effects (see, e.g., Luo 2013a : figure 1, 1963–1964). The IE produces unbiased and consistent estimates only when the minimum variance constraint also applies to the data generating parameters. This is equally true when the age...
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View articletitled, The Intrinsic Estimator, Alternative Estimates, and Predictions of Mortality Trends: A Comment on Masters, Hummer, Powers, Beck, Lin, and Finch
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Journal Article
Critical notes on an alleged operationalization of the concept of spatial utility
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Demography (1972) 9 (4): 701–703.
Published: 01 November 1972
... programming model to which they are attributed. Some of these values are negative, although it is well known that the dual variables of linear programming problems involving inequality constraints may not be nega- tive. Since the earlier formulation of the model (Brown and Longbrake, 1969) used a linear...
Journal Article
The Non-uniqueness Property of the Intrinsic Estimator in APC Models
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Demography (2015) 52 (1): 315–327.
Published: 31 December 2014
... is of rather limited value for simultaneously estimating age, period, and cohort effects. Luo ( 2013 ), for instance, demonstrated that IE estimates are biased when the true parameters of age, period, and cohort show a linear trend that diverges from the one implied by the IE constraint. She concluded...
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Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (2): 721–743.
Published: 09 March 2017
... to find a full set of mediators for even one of the APC variables, and hence we focused our assessment on possible biases that may be encountered, such as those due to missing mediators. APC models solve the linear dependency problem by imposing modeling constraints by fiat (Fienberg 2013...
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View articletitled, An Assessment and Extension of the Mechanism-Based Approach to the Identification of Age-Period-Cohort Models
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for article titled, An Assessment and Extension of the Mechanism-Based Approach to the Identification of Age-Period-Cohort Models
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Journal Article
Fitting Age-Period-Cohort Models Using the Intrinsic Estimator: Assumptions and Misapplications
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Demography (2016) 53 (4): 1253–1259.
Published: 15 June 2016
... of all APC effects on the outcome Y to be exactly linear’ (2014: Online Resource 1). However, Luo ( 2013 ) demonstrated that the IE estimates are invalid when the IE’s constraint is not satisfied in simulated data with both linear and nonlinear effects (see, e.g., Luo 2013 : figure 1, 1963–1964...
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Journal Article
Educational assortative mating and economic inequality: A comparative analysis of three Latin American countries
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Demography (2010) 47 (2): 481–502.
Published: 01 May 2010
...Florencia Torche Abstract Educational assortative mating and economic inequality are likely to be endogenously determined, but very little research exists on their empirical association. Using census data and log-linear and log-multiplicative methods, I compare the patterns of educational...
Journal Article
Misunderstandings, Mischaracterizations, and the Problematic Choice of a Specific Instance in Which the IE Should Never Be Applied
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Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1969–1971.
Published: 17 October 2013
... is a mischaracterization of our work, and point 4 disregards the asymptotic properties of the IE. In short, there is little merit in Luo’s article other than an algebraic demonstration of a situation—identical linear or nonlinear algebraic trends in the effect coefficients for all three temporal dimensions—in which the IE...
View articletitled, Misunderstandings, Mischaracterizations, and the Problematic Choice of a Specific Instance in Which the IE Should Never Be Applied
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