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Instrumental Variable
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Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (3): 975–994.
Published: 01 June 2022
... is associated with late-life cognition, but whether the relationship is causal remains unclear. We use an instrumental variable approach and data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe to examine whether having three or more versus two children affects late-life cognition. Parents often...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1981) 18 (4): 487–509.
Published: 01 November 1981
...N. B. Ryder Abstract Temporal variations in conventional fertility measures reflect the operation of instrumental variables: quantitative and temporal intentions; success in achieving intentions; and reproductive conditions. A set of such variables is described, using data from the 1975 National...
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1353–1373.
Published: 05 July 2017
..., with data from each country spanning multiple census years. For each country-year, we estimate micro-level instrumental variables models predicting secondary school attainment using number of siblings of the child, instrumented by the sex composition of the first two births in the family. We then analyze...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (5): 1773–1793.
Published: 06 September 2017
...Sara Cools; Simen Markussen; Marte Strøm Abstract We estimate the effect of family size on various measures of labor market outcomes over the whole career until retirement, using instrumental variables estimation in data from Norwegian administrative registers. Parents’ number of children...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2018) 55 (4): 1317–1341.
Published: 07 June 2018
... cognition may affect decisions relating to retiring. If so, the OLS estimates will be biased. To test for this possibility, instrumental variable (IV) estimation is used. This method requires an IV that is highly correlated with retirement duration but not correlated with cognition. The instrument used...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (3): 1195–1220.
Published: 01 June 2022
... impact of additional education on women's autonomy by leveraging the timing of compulsory schooling reforms in three Latin American countries: Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru. Using Demographic and Health Surveys, I implement an instrumental variable design using random exposure to compulsory schooling laws...
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Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (3): 835–859.
Published: 08 May 2017
... of children, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child, which is plausibly random. Given a strong son preference in India, parents tend to have more children if the firstborn is a girl. Our instrumental variable results show that children from larger families have lower educational...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2010) 47 (3): 689–718.
Published: 01 August 2010
... of marriage and schooling choices? To better understand the true personal and societal consequences, in this article, I use an instrumental variables (IV) approach that takes advantage of variation in state laws regulating the age at which individuals are allowed to marry, drop out of school, and begin work...
Journal Article
Demography (2002) 39 (1): 199–213.
Published: 01 February 2002
... to determine actual pregnancy status at the time of interviews, which, in turn, was used as an instrumental variable for the retrospective (versus prospective) reporting of pregnancy intention. After correction for selective pregnancy recognition, we found no evidence that the retrospective assessment...
Journal Article
Demography (1995) 32 (1): 63–80.
Published: 01 February 1995
...Susan L. Ettner Abstract Data from the 1986–1988 Survey of Income and Program Participation panels were used to analyze how informal-caregiving of disabled elderly parents affected female labor supply. Instrumental variables analyses suggested that coresidence with a disabled parent leads...
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1221–1250.
Published: 26 July 2017
... through the neighborhood effects that influence children growing up. For white families, there is less support for the legacy effects of segregation. The findings are supported by a comprehensive mediation analysis that provides a formal sensitivity analysis, deploys an instrumental variable, and assesses...
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Journal Article
Demography (2021) 58 (1): 75–109.
Published: 01 February 2021
... in the educational achievements of recent birth cohorts. Harnessing a change in compulsory school laws and applying an instrumental variables approach, we found that each year of offspring schooling was associated with higher overall cognition among parents but was less predictive across different cognitive...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (2): 653–684.
Published: 01 April 2022
... status, household resources, and local development within the community. Estimates are negative in seven out of the 10 countries and results are robust to the use of nonparametric matching techniques and instrumental variables built through georeferenced ancillary sources. In exploring two potential...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (2): 535–562.
Published: 01 April 2022
... as exploiting variations in the implementation of China's Compulsory Education Law, we examine the effects of adult children's education on the prevalence of chronic cardiovascular illnesses among older parents in China and explore potential mechanisms. Instrumental variable estimates indicate that additional...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2016) 53 (5): 1429–1451.
Published: 13 September 2016
... of settlement among the documented, suggesting that some Mexican farm workers adopt new family migration strategies at first migration. Increases in border control are associated with lower likelihood that children reside in Mexico—a finding that holds up to instrumental variable techniques. Our findings...
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Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (1): 311–336.
Published: 07 December 2016
...). I also examine the longer-term effects of college measured almost three decades later. I find that college freshmen gain substantially less than the 15 pounds rumored to be typical for freshmen. Using difference models, individual-specific fixed-effects models, and instrumental variables models...
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Journal Article
Demography (1998) 35 (2): 159–173.
Published: 01 May 1998
... that the distinction between cooperative and noncooperative awards is important. Finally, our instrumental variables estimates show that the effects of child support persist after we control for unobserved characteristics of fathers and families. 12 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1998 1998...
Journal Article
Demography (2014) 51 (4): 1225–1249.
Published: 01 July 2014
... require more exogenous instrumental variables, which are not available in the data. We thus limit this analysis to a simple OLS estimation, without providing precise inference on causal mechanisms of education. We believe, however, that investigating on the pure correlation among these variables could...
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Journal Article
Demography (2020) 57 (1): 243–266.
Published: 06 January 2020
... the direct influence of network partners or contextual and selection factors, such as shared environment and common background characteristics. The present study uses instrumental variables to improve the identification of social interaction effects on fertility. Using data from the System of social...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2012) 49 (1): 151–174.
Published: 19 January 2012
...Julio Cáceres-Delpiano Abstract In this work, I study the impact of fertility on mothers’ employment for a sample of developing countries. Using the event of multiple births as an instrumental variable (IV) for fertility, I find that having children has a negative impact on female employment...
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