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Journal Article
Demography (1981) 18 (1): 103–122.
Published: 01 February 1981
...Hania Zlotnik; Kenneth Hill Abstract The indirect methods of demographic estimation available to date are often inadequate to estimate levels in the presence of trends. The use of measures relative to hypothetical cohorts to minimize the effectsoftrends and estimate period levels is described...
View articletitled, The Use of <span class="search-highlight">Hypothetical</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> in Estimating Demographic Parameters under Conditions of Changing Fertility and Mortality
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for article titled, The Use of <span class="search-highlight">Hypothetical</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> in Estimating Demographic Parameters under Conditions of Changing Fertility and Mortality
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Published: 19 September 2014
Fig. 1 A hypothetical fertility contour map with cohort shifts. Cohort fertility is unchanged during the shift, but synthetic cohort fertility is compressed during the shift years. a The trajectories of two cohorts. The first completes fertility before shifts begin. The second undergoes
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Journal Article
Demography (2002) 39 (2): 269–285.
Published: 01 May 2002
... provides a set of formulas expressing relationships of quantum-tempo between cohorts and periods under specified assumptions. 12 1 2011 © Population Association of America 2002 2002 Annual Change Relative Bias Family Planning Program Hypothetical Cohort Invariant Shape...
Journal Article
Demography (2001) 38 (1): 17–28.
Published: 01 February 2001
... Change Total Fertility Rate Hypothetical Cohort Invariant Shape References Bongaarts , J. ( 1999 ). The Fertility Impact of Changes in the Timing of Childbearing in the Developing World . Population Studies , 53 , 277 – 89 . 10.1080/00324720308088 Bongaarts , J...
Journal Article
Demography (1969) 6 (3): 243–260.
Published: 01 August 1969
... 1-4, derived from the 1958-60 probabili- ties, simulate the marriage experience of a hypothetical cohort whose members live out their entire lives under the conditions of the late 1950's. First-marriage tables based on cohort data could have been constructed from the census data described below...
Journal Article
Demography (1972) 9 (4): 617–624.
Published: 01 November 1972
... of students, as these will be used for projection purposes. Of course, period indices can be useful but they are quite crude to evaluate educa- tional attainments, unless we derive measures for hypothetical cohorts. One such crude index is the school en- rolment ratio, which is the number of pupils enrolled...
Journal Article
Demography (1968) 5 (1): 212–225.
Published: 01 March 1968
... OF A HYPOTHETICAL COHORT OF 1,000 WOMEN TO ONE-PARITY STATUS, FOR WHITE WOMEN IN THE CIVILIAN NON- INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY, JUNE, 1965 Cumulative progression Average First births of hypothetical annual during year zero-parfty coho(,0 ofInterval from first number...
Journal Article
Demography (1967) 4 (2): 907–924.
Published: 01 June 1967
.... We may choose the mean, or the median, based on one of the following three meas- ures. 1. The estimated number of marriages by age. 2. The distribution of marriages in a hypothet- ical cohort subjected to the first marriage rates for the year. A stationary population not subjected to mortality...
Journal Article
Demography (2024) 61 (2): 267–281.
Published: 01 April 2024
... on diagnoses to establish prevalence rates of the condition, rather than self-reports. We identify four primary hypothetical, idealized scenarios using the age–period–cohort dynamic for the development of having experienced long COVID among U.S. adults in the coming years ( Figure 1 ): Age-characterized...
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Journal Article
Demography (2025) 62 (2): 441–465.
Published: 01 April 2025
... of the period indicators—they answer the question of what is happening now—is, however, also a key disadvantage. By definition, period indicators, such as period lifespan inequality, are based on a synthetic or hypothetical cohort that experiences the rates of the period. Consequently, inference...
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View articletitled, An Overlapping <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> Perspective of Lifespan Inequality
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for article titled, An Overlapping <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> Perspective of Lifespan Inequality
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2011) 48 (3): 841–861.
Published: 04 June 2011
... deployed in a theoretical way. This is not measurement at all, but a form of population modeling. The TFR as classically conceived—the mean family size of a hypothetical cohort subject to the rates of a particular period—is a theoretical parameter, not an empirical measure. A synthetic cohort has...
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (6): 2063–2082.
Published: 11 November 2019
... and higher-order birth and union events by woman’s birth cohort and country. The estimated parameters are used to generate country- and cohort-specific populations of women with stochastically predicted family life courses. We use the hypothetical populations to decompose changes in the percentage of mothers...
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View articletitled, Contribution of the Rise in Cohabiting Parenthood to Family Instability: <span class="search-highlight">Cohort</span> Change in Italy, Great Britain, and Scandinavia
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for article titled, Contribution of the Rise in Cohabiting Parenthood to Family Instability: <span class="search-highlight">Cohort</span> Change in Italy, Great Britain, and Scandinavia
Journal Article
Demography (1990) 27 (1): 175–177.
Published: 01 February 1990
.... Before a hypothetical cohort begins its childbearing, the women are sorted according to two numbers. First, p(0 is the proportion of the cohort for whom j is the maximum acceptable parity. Second, the women can be sorted by m, the natural parity. Assume that m is known, but not to the woman. By reference...
Journal Article
An assessment of methods for estimating adult mortality from two sets of data on maternal orphanhood
Demography (1986) 23 (3): 435–450.
Published: 01 August 1986
... Nations . Zlotnik , H. , & Hill , K. ( 1981 ). The use of hypothetical cohorts in estimating demographic parameters under conditions of changing fertility and mortality . Demography , 18 , 103 – 122 . 10.2307/2061052 DEMOGRAPHY© Volume 23, Number 3 August 1986 AN ASSESSMENT...
Journal Article
Demography (1991) 28 (2): 213–227.
Published: 01 May 1991
... . Timaeus , I.M. , & Graham , W.J. ( 1989 ). Measuring Adult Mortality in Developing Countries: A Review and Assessment of Methods . Washington, DC : The World Bank . Zlotnik , H. , & Hill , K. ( 1981 ). The Use of Hypothetical Cohorts in Estimating Demographic Parameters...
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (6): 2073–2099.
Published: 10 October 2017
... that a hypothetical cohort of individuals could expect to live if they experienced each of the different states of health and grandparenthood across all ages observed in the period data. It makes the same assumption of stationarity as period life expectancy at birth (Imai and Soneji 2007 ). However, period life...
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View articletitled, Healthy Grandparenthood: How Long Is It, and How Has It Changed?
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for article titled, Healthy Grandparenthood: How Long Is It, and How Has It Changed?
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1987) 24 (3): 395–406.
Published: 01 August 1987
... show that as many as 48 percent of those married in 1970will eventually divorce if the annual rates of divorce in the 1980s and 1990s stay the same as they were in 1977 (cited in Cherlin, 1981). Others have pointed out that such high levels based on hypothetical cohorts may actually never be achieved...
Journal Article
Demography (2009) 46 (1): 203–208.
Published: 01 February 2009
... rose rapidly for There May Be Compositional Effects, But They Do Not Work That Way 205 Table 2. Cohort Trends in the Percentage Unmarried (Su) Assumed by the GSS Model Predicted % Unmarried, by Fertility Probability Lowest Next Middle Next Highest Hypothetical Cohort Fertility Lowest Fertility Highest...
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (6): 2013–2024.
Published: 01 December 2022
... . Case A. , & Paxson C. ( 2005 ). Sex differences in morbidity and mortality . Demography , 42 , 189 – 214 . Caselli G. , & Vallin J. ( 2006 ). The hypothetical cohort as a tool for demographic analysis . In Caselli G. , Vallin J. , & Wunsch G...
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View articletitled, Comparing <span class="search-highlight">Cohort</span> Survival in Good Health: A Research Note on Decomposing Sex Differentials in the United States
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for article titled, Comparing <span class="search-highlight">Cohort</span> Survival in Good Health: A Research Note on Decomposing Sex Differentials in the United States
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2015) 52 (1): 183–208.
Published: 21 January 2015
... birth cohort size; (3) female educational expansion. Existing literature posits declining marriage rates for men arising from skewed sex ratios at birth (SRBs) in India’s population. In addition to skewed SRBs, India’s population will experience female educational expansion in the coming decades. Female...
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