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Fixed effects

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Journal Article
Demography (2007) 44 (3): 519–537.
Published: 01 August 2007
... of individual marital status. The data include individual histories of changes in marital status and places of residence, providing a rare opportunity to enter municipality fixed effects into the model, thereby capturing the time-invariant unobserved factors at that level. The positive health externality...
Journal Article
Demography (2024) 61 (2): 393–418.
Published: 01 April 2024
...-effects models: we hold constant factors that could influence parents’ birth spacing behavior and their health, comparing health outcomes after different births to the same parent. We apply sibling fixed effects in our analysis of medium- and long-term outcomes, holding constant mothers’ and fathers...
FIGURES | View All (4)
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2016) 53 (4): 1185–1205.
Published: 21 July 2016
... unobserved and observed neighborhood and family characteristics, we use twins fixed-effects models to assess whether racial disparities in education exist between twins and whether such disparities vary by gender. We find that even under this stringent test of racial inequality, the nonwhite educational...
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Published: 19 January 2016
Fig. 1 Country fixed effects of panel regression: WTFR on TFR. The figure shows the impact of the country of residence on TFR on the y -axis (with 95 % confidence intervals) and the respective country on the x -axis for the panel regression of WTFR on TFR (see Table 2 for details). The bars More
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Published: 19 January 2016
Fig. 3 Country fixed effects of panel regression: DTFR/wTFR on TFR. The figure shows the impact of the country of residence on TFR on the y -axis (with 95 % confidence intervals) and the respective country on the x -axis for the panel regression of DTFR/wTFR on TFR (see Table 2 for details More
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Published: 30 October 2017
Fig. 3 Point estimates of country fixed effects in Models 1–4 in Table 2 . Countries ordered by country fixed effects from Model 1. Country codes: AT = Austria, BE = Belgium, BG = Bulgaria, EE = Estonia, ES = Spain, FR = France, GR = Greece, IT = Italy, LT = Lithuania, LU = Luxembourg, LV More
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Published: 14 September 2015
Fig. 3 Fixed-effects models of cumulative probability of onset of self-reported work limitation for men with marital dissolution (1975–1984), by remarriage status. The baseline group is continuously married men. Models control for additional educational attainment, age (spline), and calendar More
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Published: 14 September 2015
Fig. 4 Fixed-effects models of probability of receipt of SSDI–SSI benefits for men with marital dissolution (1975–1984), by remarriage status. The baseline group is continuously married men. Models control for additional educational attainment, age (spline), and calendar year. Standard errors More
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Published: 14 September 2015
Fig. 5 Fixed-effects models of probability of receipt of SSDI–SSI benefits for men with marital dissolution (1975–1984), controlling for self-reported work limitation, by remarriage status. The baseline group is continuously married men. Models control for self-reported work limitation More
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Published: 25 September 2020
Fig. 1 Results of within mixed-sex twin fixed-effects analyses of the effect of child sex on infant mortality (1–11 months) (left panel) and within mixed-sex twin fixed-effects analyses of the effect of child sex on child mortality (12–59 months) (right panel). The baseline male mortality More
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Published: 01 June 2021
Fig. 3 Household fixed-effects (FE) estimates addressing potential sample selection using inverse probability weighting (IPW). Household FE Model 1 considers households with multiple children ages 15–18. Household FE Model 2 further restricts the sample to households with multiple children More
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Published: 30 April 2019
Fig. 2 Results of the fixed-effects approach. The figure presents ordinary least squares (OLS) individual fixed-effects estimates of life satisfaction for individuals aged 50 and older. Table S9 of the online appendix contains the underlying estimation results. Whiskers display 95 % confidence More
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Published: 01 December 2024
Fig. 2 Race-specific maternal fixed-effects model coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. The full set of coefficient estimates are shown in Tables A5–A7 in the online appendix. Controls are included for age, marital status, partner status, family size, education, mother's incarceration More
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Published: 13 June 2019
Fig. 3 Estimated region fixed-effect and year-effect coefficients. We fit separate regressions for each period, allowing the year effect to differ across regions. The regression outcome is logged, age-standardized infectious mortality, representing the logged ratio of actual to expected More
Journal Article
Demography (2015) 52 (1): 233–257.
Published: 21 January 2015
... as health outcomes, we use fixed-effects analyses. Data were collected in 2005 and 2007 for a cohort of young adults in rural Kanchanaburi province, western Thailand. The migrant sample includes individuals who subsequently moved to urban destinations where they were reinterviewed in 2007. Return migrants...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2024) 61 (5): 1283–1292.
Published: 01 October 2024
... limitations of the traditional two-way fixed-effects approach to examine the effect of RTW laws on occupational fatal injuries as well as various other health outcomes. Robustness checks were conducted using a wide range of alternative methods for two-way fixed-effects adjustments. In contrast with findings...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2005) 42 (3): 447–468.
Published: 01 August 2005
... of the transition and nontransition samples by controlling for the child’s fixed effect in estimating the time path of his or her response to the transition. We found that children from families with both biological parents scored significantly better on the BPI and the PIAT-math and PIAT-reading assessments than...
Journal Article
Demography (2021) 58 (3): 987–1010.
Published: 01 June 2021
...Fig. 3 Household fixed-effects (FE) estimates addressing potential sample selection using inverse probability weighting (IPW). Household FE Model 1 considers households with multiple children ages 15–18. Household FE Model 2 further restricts the sample to households with multiple children...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (4): 1541–1555.
Published: 17 June 2019
..., relying on mother fixed effects, which contradicts basic biological possibilities for fecundity. These impossible parity effects also appear with simulated fertility data that by design have no parity control. We conclude that estimating parity control using mother fixed effects is in no way feasible. We...
FIGURES | View All (6)
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2011) 48 (2): 725–747.
Published: 16 April 2011
... and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15–44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases...
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Includes: Supplementary data