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Journal Article

Extreme Heat, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity

Open Access
Risto Conte Keivabu, Marco Cozzani
Demography (2022) 59 (5): 1631–1654.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-10174836
Published: 01 October 2022
...Risto Conte Keivabu; Marco Cozzani Abstract We investigate the effect of extreme heat on birth outcomes and how this effect may vary by family socioeconomic status (SES). We create a detailed data set by linking individual-level data on approximately 4 million newborns in Spanish provincial...
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View articletitled, <span class="search-highlight">Extreme</span> <span class="search-highlight">Heat</span>, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity View PDF for article titled, <span class="search-highlight">Extreme</span> <span class="search-highlight">Heat</span>, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity
Includes: Supplementary data
Image
Fig. 2 Estimated effect of extreme heat (&gt;32°C/&gt;89.6°F) on birth outcomes, by SES and trimester of pregnancy. PTB = preterm birth. LBW = low birth weight. VLBW = very low birth weight. Estimates are obtained from Table S2 (online appendix), which also displays full estimates for other temperature bins. Coefficients, scaled by 100 to enhance readability, can be interpreted as percentage-point changes in the specific birth outcome. Each model includes fixed effects for province × year of conception, the province-specific polynomial quadratic in the century-month of conception, and the month of conception. Demographic control variables include the mother's marital status, the mother's age, age squared, whether the child is the firstborn, and the mother's ethnic origin. Contextual controls include population density, the female employment rate, the logarithm of the provincial GDP, the provincial cohort–specific share of women with a tertiary degree, and vegetation's leaf area index. Climatic controls include relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and average precipitation. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.

Estimated effect of extreme heat (&gt;32°C/&gt;89.6°F) on birth outcomes, b...

Open Access
in Extreme Heat, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity > Demography
Published: 01 October 2022
Fig. 2 Estimated effect of extreme heat (&gt;32°C/&gt;89.6°F) on birth outcomes, by SES and trimester of pregnancy. PTB = preterm birth. LBW = low birth weight. VLBW = very low birth weight. Estimates are obtained from Table S2 (online appendix), which also displays full estimates for other More
Image
Fig. 3 Estimated effect of extreme heat (&gt;32°C/&gt;89.6°F) on late fetal deaths by SES and trimester. Coefficients, scaled by 100 to enhance readability, can be interpreted as percentage-point changes in late fetal deaths. Each model includes fixed effects for province × year of conception, the province-specific polynomial quadratic in the century-month of conception, and the month of conception. Demographic control variables include the mother's marital status, the mother's age, age squared, whether the child is the firstborn, and the mother's ethnic origin. Contextual controls include population density, the female employment rate, the logarithm of the provincial GDP, the provincial cohort–specific share of women with a tertiary degree, and vegetation's leaf area index. Climatic controls include relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and average precipitation. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.

Estimated effect of extreme heat (&gt;32°C/&gt;89.6°F) on late fetal deaths...

Open Access
in Extreme Heat, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity > Demography
Published: 01 October 2022
Fig. 3 Estimated effect of extreme heat (&gt;32°C/&gt;89.6°F) on late fetal deaths by SES and trimester. Coefficients, scaled by 100 to enhance readability, can be interpreted as percentage-point changes in late fetal deaths. Each model includes fixed effects for province × year of conception More
Journal Article

Caste Inequality in Occupational Exposure to Heat Waves in India

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Arpit Shah, Sneha Thapliyal, Anish Sugathan, Vimal Mishra, Deepak Malghan
Demography (2025) 62 (1): 35–60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11803010
Published: 01 February 2025
...Arpit Shah; Sneha Thapliyal; Anish Sugathan; Vimal Mishra; Deepak Malghan Abstract India is a leading global hot spot for extreme heat waves induced by climate change. The social demography of India is centered on its caste hierarchy rooted in endogamous occupational groups. We investigate...
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View articletitled, Caste Inequality in Occupational Exposure to <span class="search-highlight">Heat</span> Waves in India View PDF for article titled, Caste Inequality in Occupational Exposure to <span class="search-highlight">Heat</span> Waves in India
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Modeling Seasonality in Fecundability, Conceptions, and Births

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David A. Lam, Jeffrey A. Miron, Ann Riley
Demography (1994) 31 (2): 321–346.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061888
Published: 01 May 1994
... of the model by analyzing proposed explanations of birth seasonality that rely on extreme summer heat. 12 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1994 1994 Seasonal Pattern Seasonal Fluctuation Fetal Loss Extreme Heat Susceptible Population References Bongaarts J...
View articletitled, Modeling Seasonality in Fecundability, Conceptions, and Births View PDF for article titled, Modeling Seasonality in Fecundability, Conceptions, and Births
Journal Article

The effects of temperature on human fertility

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David A. Lam, Jeffrey A. Miron
Demography (1996) 33 (3): 291–305.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061762
Published: 01 August 1996
... and indirect, that weather affects human fertility. Several types of evi- dence, mostly indirect, suggest that extreme heat reduces the number of births nine months later. Much remains un- known, however, about the role of weather. The hypothesis that summer heat reduces fertility, for example, appears...
View articletitled, The effects of temperature on human fertility View PDF for article titled, The effects of temperature on human fertility
Journal Article

Exploring Strategies for Investigating the Mechanisms Linking Climate and Individual-Level Child Health Outcomes: An Analysis of Birth Weight in Mali

Open Access
Kathryn Grace, Andrew Verdin, Audrey Dorélien, Frank Davenport, Chris Funk ...
Demography (2021) 58 (2): 499–526.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-8977484
Published: 01 April 2021
... safety net. Among researchers, very little is known about locally relevant safety nets or how pregnant women manage extreme heat, exposure to malaria, or food insecurity. It is a challenge for quantitative data and analyses to capture and measure the range of safety nets, and it is one of the important...
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View articletitled, Exploring Strategies for Investigating the Mechanisms Linking Climate and Individual-Level Child Health Outcomes: An Analysis of Birth Weight in Mali View PDF for article titled, Exploring Strategies for Investigating the Mechanisms Linking Climate and Individual-Level Child Health Outcomes: An Analysis of Birth Weight in Mali
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Sunny-Day Flooding and Mortality Risk in Coastal Florida

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Valerie Mueller, Mathew Hauer, Glenn Sheriff
Demography (2024) 61 (1): 209–230.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11153911
Published: 01 February 2024
... Andersen R. M. ( 1995 ). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 36 , 1 – 10 . Anderson G. B. , &amp; Bell M. L. ( 2011 ). Heat waves in the United States: Mortality risk during heat waves and effect...
FIGURES
View articletitled, Sunny-Day Flooding and Mortality Risk in Coastal Florida View PDF for article titled, Sunny-Day Flooding and Mortality Risk in Coastal Florida
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

The Human Ecology of Tornadoes

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B. E. Aguirre, Rogelio Saenz, John Edmiston, Nan Yang, Elsa Agramonte ...
Demography (1993) 30 (4): 623–633.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061810
Published: 01 November 1993
... summer maximums) but 10 % fewer heating degree days; 6) less relative humidity (average annual mean, in both winter and summer); and (7) lower wind speeds (average mean and extreme gusts) but 5-20 % more calm. Despite this body of research documenting the impact of cities on local climate, the The Human...
View articletitled, The Human Ecology of Tornadoes View PDF for article titled, The Human Ecology of Tornadoes
Journal Article

Flooding, Sociospatial Risk, and Population Health

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Ethan J. Raker
Demography (2025) 62 (1): 61–85.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11792975
Published: 01 February 2025
... of flood zones, heat waves are increasingly more probable in high latitudes not historically prone to extreme heat, and wildfire-caused smoke has spread beyond former spatial gradients ( Burke et al. 2021 ; Dobricic et al. 2020 ; Smiley 2020 ). Although research has examined the health consequences...
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View articletitled, Flooding, Sociospatial Risk, and Population Health View PDF for article titled, Flooding, Sociospatial Risk, and Population Health
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Evacuees and Migrants Exhibit Different Migration Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

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Mathew E. Hauer, Steven R. Holloway, Takashi Oda
Demography (2020) 57 (4): 1437–1457.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00883-7
Published: 19 May 2020
... ). Vagaries such as these make it difficult for governments to predict and plan for migration. Still, these studies inform our understanding of future climate-related migration—migration that could increasingly be due to more slow-onset environmental changes, such as drought or extreme heat. Population...
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View articletitled, Evacuees and Migrants Exhibit Different Migration Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami View PDF for article titled, Evacuees and Migrants Exhibit Different Migration Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Journal Article

Maybe Next Month? Temperature Shocks and Dynamic Adjustments in Birth Rates

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Alan Barreca, Olivier Deschenes, Melanie Guldi
Demography (2018) 55 (4): 1269–1293.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0690-7
Published: 02 July 2018
...://labeling.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/fhc/Beyaz_PI.pdf Baystate Health . ( 2014 ). Potency of medications affected by extreme temperatures . Springfield, MA : Baystate Health . Retrieved from https://www.baystatehealth.org/news/2014/07/heat-impact-on-meds Biddle J. ( 2008 ). Explaining the spread...
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View articletitled, Maybe Next Month? Temperature Shocks and Dynamic Adjustments in Birth Rates View PDF for article titled, Maybe Next Month? Temperature Shocks and Dynamic Adjustments in Birth Rates
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Immigrant Characteristics and Hispanic-Anglo Housing Inequality

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Lauren J. Krivo
Demography (1995) 32 (4): 599–615.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061677
Published: 01 November 1995
...). Vacant units and persons living in group quarters are deleted. Households in 13 SMSAs are excluded because of missing data on one variable (segregation). The resulting sample is extremely large: it includes nearly 500,000 households, of which 93.1% are Anglo. Such a large sample size will substantially...
View articletitled, Immigrant Characteristics and Hispanic-Anglo Housing Inequality View PDF for article titled, Immigrant Characteristics and Hispanic-Anglo Housing Inequality
Journal Article

A Unified Model of Cohort Mortality

Open Access
Adriana Lleras-Muney, Flavien Moreau
Demography (2022) 59 (6): 2109–2134.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-10286336
Published: 01 December 2022
... effects of wars, and (4) mortality displacement after large temporary shocks, such as extreme weather. Finally, we observe a substantial decrease in the force of aging before 1840 and after 1900, the causes of which are unclear (we plot it at age 60: δ ( 60 ) α in panel e of Figure...
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View articletitled, A Unified Model of Cohort Mortality View PDF for article titled, A Unified Model of Cohort Mortality
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

On Mortality

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Evelyn M. Kitagawa
Demography (1977) 14 (4): 381–389.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060585
Published: 01 November 1977
... measures have been a factor in the extremely rapid declines in mortal- ity that have resulted in explosive popu- lation growth in developing countries since 1950. Sex Differentials in Mortality One of the most striking recent trends in mortality-especially in the West-has been the continuous divergence...
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Journal Article

Mobility and adjustments: Paths to the resolution of residential stress

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Glenn D. Deane
Demography (1990) 27 (1): 65–79.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061553
Published: 01 February 1990
... may reshingle the roof; a four-person family in a two-bedroom house may convert a basement room into an additional bedroom; and a perpetually cold house may be insulated and equipped with a new source of heat. Clearly, model estimation without a mobility alternative is theoretically unjustified. Along...
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Journal Article

Changes in the retirement process among older men in the United States: 1972–1980

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Mark D. Hayward, William R. Grady, Steven D. McLaughlin
Demography (1988) 25 (3): 371–386.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061538
Published: 01 August 1988
... requirements. ENV indicates the presence or absence of adverse working conditions. Men are sorted into two ENV occupations based on whether their occupation involves one of the following conditions: extreme cold, extreme heat, wet and/or humid conditions, noise or vibration, hazards, and atmospheric conditions...
View articletitled, Changes in the retirement process among older men in the United States: 1972–1980 View PDF for article titled, Changes in the retirement process among older men in the United States: 1972–1980
Journal Article

The Levels and Trends in Deep and Extreme Poverty in the United States, 1993–2016

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David Brady, Zachary Parolin
Demography (2020) 57 (6): 2337–2360.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00924-1
Published: 15 October 2020
...David Brady; Zachary Parolin Abstract Recently, there has been tremendous interest in deep and extreme poverty in the United States. We advance beyond prior research by using higher-quality data, improving measurement, and following leading standards in international income research. We estimate...
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View articletitled, The Levels and Trends in Deep and <span class="search-highlight">Extreme</span> Poverty in the United States, 1993–2016 View PDF for article titled, The Levels and Trends in Deep and <span class="search-highlight">Extreme</span> Poverty in the United States, 1993–2016
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Recent developments in seasonally adjusting vital statistics

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Harry M. Rosenberg
Demography (1966) 3 (2): 305–318.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060160
Published: 01 June 1966
... Program,” U.S. Bureau of the Census Technical Paper No. 15 (1965). p. 235. 13 Schuman S. , Anderson C. , &amp; Oliver J. ( 1964 ). Epidemiology of Successive Heat Waves in Michigan in 1962 and 1963 . Journal of the American Medical Association , CLXXXIX , 733 – 38 . 14...
View articletitled, Recent developments in seasonally adjusting vital statistics View PDF for article titled, Recent developments in seasonally adjusting vital statistics
Journal Article

Has the World Really Survived the Population Bomb? (Commentary on “How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 Years of Extraordinary Demographic History”)

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Stan Becker
Demography (2013) 50 (6): 2173–2181.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0236-y
Published: 17 August 2013
.../s13524-011-0070-z Lawn P. ( 2010 ). On the Ehrlich-Simon bet: Both were unskilled and Simon was lucky . Ecological Economics , 69 , 2045 – 2046 . 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.07.009 Lyall, S. (2013, January 10). Heat, flood or icy cold, extreme weather rages worldwide. New York Times...
View articletitled, Has the World Really Survived the Population Bomb? (Commentary on “How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 Years of Extraordinary Demographic History”) View PDF for article titled, Has the World Really Survived the Population Bomb? (Commentary on “How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 Years of Extraordinary Demographic History”)