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Journal Article

New midyear age-sex-color-specific estimates of the U.S. population for the 1940s and 1950s: including a revision of coverage estimates for the 1940 and 1950 censuses

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Kenneth C. Land, George C. Hough, Jr., Marilyn M. McMillan
Demography (1984) 21 (4): 623–645.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060919
Published: 01 November 1984
...Kenneth C. Land; George C. Hough, Jr.; Marilyn M. McMillan Abstract This paper describes new midyear (July 1) estimates of the “true” population of the United States by age, sex, and color (white, nonwhite) for the 1940s and 1950s. It also presents the corresponding implied coverage estimates...
View articletitled, New midyear age-sex-<span class="search-highlight">color</span>-specific estimates of the U.S. population for the 1940s and 1950s: including a revision of coverage estimates for the 1940 and 1950 censuses View PDF for article titled, New midyear age-sex-<span class="search-highlight">color</span>-specific estimates of the U.S. population for the 1940s and 1950s: including a revision of coverage estimates for the 1940 and 1950 censuses
Journal Article

First-marriage decrement tables by color and sex for the United States in 1958–60

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Walt Saveland, Paul C. Glick
Demography (1969) 6 (3): 243–260.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060394
Published: 01 August 1969
... in a stationary (life table) population by color and sex, based on 1960 Census data on marital status and age at first marriage and on general mortality rates for 1959–61. A comparison of the earlier tables with the new tables provides evidence of a decrease of one or two years in the average age at first...
View articletitled, First-marriage decrement tables by <span class="search-highlight">color</span> and sex for the United States in 1958–60 View PDF for article titled, First-marriage decrement tables by <span class="search-highlight">color</span> and sex for the United States in 1958–60
Journal Article

New Evidence of Skin Color Bias and Health Outcomes Using Sibling Difference Models: A Research Note

Open Access
Thomas Laidley, Benjamin Domingue, Piyapat Sinsub, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Dalton Conley
Demography (2019) 56 (2): 753–762.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0756-6
Published: 09 January 2019
... a family fixed-effects analytic strategy. We find that even after we account for common family background and home environment, body mass index, age, sex, and outdoor activity, darker skin color significantly predicts hypertension incidence among siblings. In a supplementary analysis using newly released...
View articletitled, New Evidence of Skin <span class="search-highlight">Color</span> Bias and Health Outcomes Using Sibling Difference Models: A Research Note View PDF for article titled, New Evidence of Skin <span class="search-highlight">Color</span> Bias and Health Outcomes Using Sibling Difference Models: A Research Note
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Skin Color and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico

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Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez, Eduardo M. Medina-Cortina
Demography (2019) 56 (1): 321–343.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0734-z
Published: 08 November 2018
...Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez; Eduardo M. Medina-Cortina Abstract In many Latin American countries, census data on race and skin color are scarce or nonexistent. In this study, we contribute to understanding how skin color affects intergenerational social mobility in Mexico. Using a novel data set, we...
FIGURES | View All (5)
View articletitled, Skin <span class="search-highlight">Color</span> and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico View PDF for article titled, Skin <span class="search-highlight">Color</span> and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico
Includes: Supplementary data
Image
Fig. 1 Average temperature by Spanish provincial capitals, 1990–2016. The color in each province refers to the average of its provincial capital. The legend is reported in Celsius, with a Fahrenheit range of 50°F–68°F.

Average temperature by Spanish provincial capitals, 1990–2016. The color in...

Open Access
in Extreme Heat, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity > Demography
Published: 01 October 2022
Fig. 1 Average temperature by Spanish provincial capitals, 1990–2016. The color in each province refers to the average of its provincial capital. The legend is reported in Celsius, with a Fahrenheit range of 50°F–68°F. More
Image
(Color figure online) Product and ratio functions of the coherent functional model for Swedish data (1950–2007)

(Color figure online) Product and ratio functions of the coherent functiona...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 2 (Color figure online) Product and ratio functions of the coherent functional model for Swedish data (1950–2007) More
Image
(Color figure online) Forecast accuracy of coherent and independent models for different forecast horizons, showing out-of-sample RMSFE of log death rates

(Color figure online) Forecast accuracy of coherent and independent models ...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 6 (Color figure online) Forecast accuracy of coherent and independent models for different forecast horizons, showing out-of-sample RMSFE of log death rates More
Image
(Color figure online) Differences in life expectancy forecasts for males and females (F – M) for 2008–2037, using coherent models (solid lines) and independent models (dashed lines)

(Color figure online) Differences in life expectancy forecasts for males an...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 9 (Color figure online) Differences in life expectancy forecasts for males and females (F – M) for 2008–2037, using coherent models (solid lines) and independent models (dashed lines) More
Image
Relationship between skin color and socioeconomic results. The figure includes various components. Bars in both panels show the average years of schooling (a) and hourly wage (b) by skin color group. Coefficients above the bars were obtained using regression analysis. Five skin tone groups were defined: white (PERLA 1–3), light brown (4), medium brown (5), brown (6), and dark brown (7–11). An estimate was made of yi=α0+δi×∑i=25Skingroup+β×Xi+ε, where yi is either years of schooling or log earnings for individual i; Xi is a vector of characteristics for each individual, including gender, age, age squared, parental ethnicity, cognitive and noncognitive skills, parental wealth, parental education, parenting style in household of origin, stress in the parental home, and an indicator of the presence of both parents while growing up. The group “White” was excluded from the estimation, so results should be estimated relative to it. Estimations are computed using robust standard errors. †p &lt; .10; *p &lt; .05; **p &lt; .01; ***p &lt; .001

Relationship between skin color and socioeconomic results. The figure inclu...

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in Skin Color and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico > Demography
Published: 08 November 2018
Fig. 5 Relationship between skin color and socioeconomic results. The figure includes various components. Bars in both panels show the average years of schooling (a) and hourly wage (b) by skin color group. Coefficients above the bars were obtained using regression analysis. Five skin tone More
Image
Fig. 3 Racial composition of U.S. coastal counties in 2020 and 2100. The colors along the coastline represent the largest racial/ethnic group in each county, and the hue indicates the percentage of the total population composed by that group. NH = non-Hispanic.

Racial composition of U.S. coastal counties in 2020 and 2100. The colors al...

Open Access
in Research Note: Demographic Change on the United States Coast, 2020–2100 > Demography
Published: 01 August 2022
Fig. 3 Racial composition of U.S. coastal counties in 2020 and 2100. The colors along the coastline represent the largest racial/ethnic group in each county, and the hue indicates the percentage of the total population composed by that group. NH = non-Hispanic. More
Image
Cognitive measures by retirement duration. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task 1 (CTT1). Panel b shows Colour Trail Task 2 (CTT2). Panel c shows Choice Reation Time (CRT). Panel d shows Choice Reation Time Variabiliy (CRT_VAR)

Cognitive measures by retirement duration. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task ...

Open Access
in Effect of Retirement on Cognition: Evidence From the Irish Marriage Bar > Demography
Published: 07 June 2018
Fig. 2 Cognitive measures by retirement duration. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task 1 (CTT1). Panel b shows Colour Trail Task 2 (CTT2). Panel c shows Choice Reation Time (CRT). Panel d shows Choice Reation Time Variabiliy (CRT_VAR) More
Image
Relationship between current and parents’ household wealth by skin color. The figure shows the resulting OLS estimates of the relationship between the percentile wealth ranking of adults (y-axis) and the percentile ranking of their parents (x-axis) for three skin tone groups. Based on the regression analysis, three groups were formed, with similar results: white (PERLA 1–3), light and medium brown (PERLA 4–5), and brown and dark brown (PERLA 6–11). Estimates from OLS regressions are reported for each group. Confidence intervals are at the 90 % level. The slopes for the white, brown, and dark brown groups are 0.36 (SE = 0.05), 0.43 (SE = 0.02), and 0.39 (SE = 0.03), respectively.

Relationship between current and parents’ household wealth by skin color. T...

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in Skin Color and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico > Demography
Published: 08 November 2018
Fig. 3 Relationship between current and parents’ household wealth by skin color. The figure shows the resulting OLS estimates of the relationship between the percentile wealth ranking of adults ( y -axis) and the percentile ranking of their parents ( x -axis) for three skin tone groups. Based More
Image
Fig. 2 Migration patterns and EA PGI. Colored bars and error bars represent estimated mean PGIs and their robust standard errors. The first 20 principal components are controlled. Capital letters indicate the six-category migration groups: (A) moved from a coal mining to a non–coal mining place; (B) moved between two non–coal mining places; (C) stayed in the same non–coal mining place; (D) moved from a non–coal mining to a coal mining place; (E) moved between two coal mining places; and (F) stayed in the same coal mining place.

Migration patterns and EA PGI. Colored bars and error bars represent estima...

Open Access
in The Big (Genetic) Sort? A Research Note on Migration Patterns and Their Genetic Imprint in the United Kingdom > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 2 Migration patterns and EA PGI. Colored bars and error bars represent estimated mean PGIs and their robust standard errors. The first 20 principal components are controlled. Capital letters indicate the six-category migration groups: (A) moved from a coal mining to a non–coal mining place More
Image
Fig. 4 Migration patterns and health-related PGIs. Colored bars and error bars represent estimated mean PGIs and their robust standard errors. The first 20 principal components are controlled. Capital letters indicate the six-category migration groups: (A) moved from a coal mining to a non–coal mining place; (B) moved between two non–coal mining places; (C) stayed in the same non–coal mining place; (D) moved from a non–coal mining to a coal mining place; (E) moved between two coal mining places; and (F) stayed in the same coal mining place.

Migration patterns and health-related PGIs. Colored bars and error bars rep...

Open Access
in The Big (Genetic) Sort? A Research Note on Migration Patterns and Their Genetic Imprint in the United Kingdom > Demography
Published: 01 December 2023
Fig. 4 Migration patterns and health-related PGIs. Colored bars and error bars represent estimated mean PGIs and their robust standard errors. The first 20 principal components are controlled. Capital letters indicate the six-category migration groups: (A) moved from a coal mining to a non–coal More
Image
(Color figure online) Log death rates for males and females in Sweden for various ages as univariate time series (top panels) and smoothed log death rates for males and females in Sweden viewed as functional time series, observed from 1950 to 2007 (bottom panels). Penalized regression splines with a partial monotonic constraint (Hyndman and Ullah 2007) are used for smoothing

(Color figure online) Log death rates for males and females in Sweden for v...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 1 (Color figure online) Log death rates for males and females in Sweden for various ages as univariate time series (top panels) and smoothed log death rates for males and females in Sweden viewed as functional time series, observed from 1950 to 2007 (bottom panels). Penalized regression More
Image
(Color figure online) Thirty-year forecasts of mortality sex ratios in Sweden using coherent and independent functional models

(Color figure online) Thirty-year forecasts of mortality sex ratios in Swed...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 4 (Color figure online) Thirty-year forecasts of mortality sex ratios in Sweden using coherent and independent functional models More
Image
(Color figure online) Thirty-year life expectancy forecasts for males and females in Sweden using coherent models (solid lines) and independent models (dotted lines). Blue is used for males, and red is used for females

(Color figure online) Thirty-year life expectancy forecasts for males and f...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 5 (Color figure online) Thirty-year life expectancy forecasts for males and females in Sweden using coherent models (solid lines) and independent models (dotted lines). Blue is used for males, and red is used for females More
Image
(Color figure online) Top row: Thirty-year life expectancy forecasts for Australian states, using the coherent and independent functional models. Bottom: Forecast accuracy of coherent and independent models showing out-of-sample RMSFE of log death rates for Australian states

(Color figure online) Top row: Thirty-year life expectancy forecasts for Au...

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in Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models > Demography
Published: 10 October 2012
Fig. 8 (Color figure online) Top row: Thirty-year life expectancy forecasts for Australian states, using the coherent and independent functional models. Bottom: Forecast accuracy of coherent and independent models showing out-of-sample RMSFE of log death rates for Australian states More
Image
Cognitive measures by age. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task 1 (CTT1). Panel b shows Colour Trail Task 2 (CTT2). Panel c shows Choice Reation Time (CRT). Panel d shows Choice Reation Time Variabiliy (CRT_VAR)

Cognitive measures by age. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task 1 (CTT1). Panel ...

Open Access
in Effect of Retirement on Cognition: Evidence From the Irish Marriage Bar > Demography
Published: 07 June 2018
Fig. 1 Cognitive measures by age. Panel a shows Colour Trail Task 1 (CTT1). Panel b shows Colour Trail Task 2 (CTT2). Panel c shows Choice Reation Time (CRT). Panel d shows Choice Reation Time Variabiliy (CRT_VAR) More
Image
PERLA composition of the SSM-2015 sample. The color scale runs from 1 to 11, with 1 being the lightest and 11 being the darkest. PERLA 1–3 (white) totals 7.8 %, and PERLA 7–11 (dark brown) totals 9.1 %. More information on the PERLA palette is available online (https://perla.princeton.edu). Source: Figure prepared by the authors using the SSM-2015 data set.

PERLA composition of the SSM-2015 sample. The color scale runs from 1 to 11...

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in Skin Color and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico > Demography
Published: 08 November 2018
Fig. 1 PERLA composition of the SSM-2015 sample. The color scale runs from 1 to 11, with 1 being the lightest and 11 being the darkest. PERLA 1–3 (white) totals 7.8 %, and PERLA 7–11 (dark brown) totals 9.1 %. More information on the PERLA palette is available online ( https More