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Cohort Effect
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in An Assessment and Extension of the Mechanism-Based Approach to the Identification of Age-Period-Cohort Models
> Demography
Published: 09 March 2017
Fig. 1 Causal directed acyclic graph, showing the age effect (α*), cohort effect (θ*), and the period effect (the β*s). The bold arrows represent deterministic relationships, and the nonbold arrows represent stochastic relationships
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in An Assessment and Extension of the Mechanism-Based Approach to the Identification of Age-Period-Cohort Models
> Demography
Published: 09 March 2017
Fig. 3 Causal directed acyclic graph when the age effect (δ 1 ) and cohort effect (δ 2 ) are estimated directly, and the period effect is estimated using mediators as per Pearl’s front-door criterion, while one period mediator is unmeasured. Left: effect estimates if M 2 is measured, and P
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Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (5): 1975–2004.
Published: 28 August 2019
...Ethan Fosse; Christopher Winship Abstract For more than a century, researchers from a wide range of disciplines have sought to estimate the unique contributions of age, period, and cohort (APC) effects on a variety of outcomes. A key obstacle to these efforts is the linear dependence among...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1977) 14 (1): 33–42.
Published: 01 February 1977
...George Farkas Abstract The net effects of birth cohort, age, and period upon the employment of white women, 1957–1968, are estimated by a regression analysis of data from the Social Security Administration’s continuous work history file. By conceptualizing period-specific effects as those...
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in Comment on “Assessing Validity and Application Scope of the Intrinsic Estimator Approach to the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) Problem”
> Demography
Published: 17 October 2013
Fig. 1 Equivalent patterns of age, period, and cohort effects. Rotating the period effects in a certain direction with a corresponding rotation of age and cohort effects in the opposite direction does not affect the model fit
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Journal Article
Demography (2001) 38 (4): 551–561.
Published: 01 November 2001
...Diane S. Lauderdale Abstract Previous studies have found that educational differences in mortality are weaker among the elderly. In this study I examine whether either cohort or period effects may have influenced the interpretation of age effects. Six 10-year birth cohorts are followed over 30...
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in Uncrossing the U.S. Black-White Mortality Crossover: The Role of Cohort Forces in Life Course Mortality Risk
> Demography
Published: 23 June 2012
Fig. 4 HAPC-CCREM estimates of random period and cohort effects of U.S. black and white male and female mortality rates, NHIS-LMF 1986–2006
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Journal Article
Demography (2023) 60 (5): 1607–1630.
Published: 01 October 2023
... effect of the BCG vaccine on cohort survival to midlife. Applying two complementary study designs, we find no evidence that survival to age 40 was affected by the discontinuation of childhood BCG vaccination. The results are consistent among both males and females and are robust to several sensitivity...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2012) 49 (3): 773–796.
Published: 23 June 2012
...Fig. 4 HAPC-CCREM estimates of random period and cohort effects of U.S. black and white male and female mortality rates, NHIS-LMF 1986–2006 ...
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Journal Article
Demography (2013) 50 (6): 1945–1967.
Published: 26 September 2013
... to impose few assumptions and to yield good estimates of the independent effects of age, period, and cohort groups. This article assesses the validity and application scope of IE theoretically and illustrates its properties with simulations. It shows that IE implicitly assumes a constraint on the linear age...
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Includes: Supplementary data
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in Does Early Childhood BCG Vaccination Improve Survival to Midlife in a Population With a Low Tuberculosis Prevalence? Quasi-experimental Evidence on Nonspecific Effects From 32 Swedish Birth Cohorts
> Demography
Published: 01 October 2023
Fig. 3 Nonspecific effects of the BCG vaccine discontinuation on the cohort probability of survival to age 40 in Sweden. Pink lines represent linear trends fitted separately for cohorts born before and after vaccine discontinuation; blue lines represent local linear trends fitted within
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in Comparing Cohort Survival in Good Health: A Research Note on Decomposing Sex Differentials in the United States
> Demography
Published: 01 December 2022
Fig. 4 Age- and cohort-specific contributions, by mortality and disability effects, to the difference in THCAL between women and men at age 50 or more in the United States, from 1980 to 2019. Positive values correspond to higher values for women (blue colors), while negative values correspond
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Journal Article
Demography (2008) 45 (2): 387–416.
Published: 01 May 2008
... 1990s and that these reductions were predominately contributed by cohort effects. Cohort effects are found to differ by specific causes of death examined, but they generally show substantial survival improvements. Implications of these results are discussed with regard to demographic theories...
Journal Article
Demography (1982) 19 (4): 459–479.
Published: 01 November 1982
... to main effects of the three indexing variables, is presented as a means of capturing the transitory period “shocks” which differentially influence participation odds for young and old age groups. Findings show that younger cohorts of nonblack men, nonblack women, and black women have greater “intrinsic...
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (5): 1723–1746.
Published: 09 September 2019
...–2016 in the United States. First, we use Lexis surfaces based on Serfling models to highlight influenza mortality patterns as well as to identify lingering effects of early-life exposure to specific influenza virus subtypes (e.g., H1N1, H3N2). Second, we use age-period-cohort (APC) methods to explore...
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Includes: Supplementary data
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in Historical Patterns in the Intergenerational Transmission of Lifespan and Longevity: A Research Note on U.S. Cohorts Born Between 1700 and 1900
> Demography
Published: 01 August 2024
Fig. 8 Siblings’ association in lifespan by birth cohort and sex. Effects are estimated by ordinary least-squares regression of lifespan on average sibling lifespan for separate samples based on a 20-year span from each reference year [1700 (1690–1710), 1701 (1691–1711), . . . , 1900 (1890–1910
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Journal Article
Demography (2014) 51 (2): 509–534.
Published: 01 March 2014
... specialization, we find that same-sex couples are less likely than their different-sex counterparts to exhibit a high degree of specialization. However, the “specialization gap” between same-sex and different-sex couples narrows across birth cohorts. These findings are indicative of a cohort effect. Our results...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1986) 23 (3): 381–402.
Published: 01 August 1986
... elections an individual is expected to vote in at ages 0 and 18, the typical life course pattern of transitions between voting and not voting statuses, sex and race differentials, changes across the three election periods, and cohort effects. 9 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1986...
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1529–1558.
Published: 27 July 2017
..., and mature adults can expect to spend a substantial fraction of their remaining lifetime—for instance, 52 % for a 55-year-old woman—affected by DA. The positive age gradients of DA are not due to cohort effects, and they are in sharp contrast to the age pattern of mental health that has been shown in high...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2018) 55 (3): 957–978.
Published: 04 June 2018
... the method to U.S. males and females from 1959 to 2015. Results show divergence between time trends of hump and observed deaths, both for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The study of the hump shape reveals age, period, and cohort effects, suggesting that it is formed by a complex combination...
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Includes: Supplementary data
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