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Causality
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Journal Article
Demography (2024) 61 (6): 2107–2146.
Published: 01 December 2024
...Molly A. Martin; Tiffany L. Green; Alexander Chapman Abstract Income is positively correlated with pregnancy health and birth outcomes, but the causal evidence for this association is limited. Leveraging a natural experiment based on the Pennsylvania boom economy created by the extraction...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1999) 36 (1): 1–21.
Published: 01 February 1999
... that women s participation in group-based credit programs increases contraceptive use or reduces fertility. Men So participation reduces fertility and may slightly increase contraceptive use. CREDIT PROGRAMS FOR THE POOR AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: ARE THE REPORTED CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS...
Journal Article
Demography (1992) 29 (3): 357–374.
Published: 01 August 1992
... Population Association of America 1992 1992 Union Formation Divorce Rate Causal Influence Marital Stability Maternal Attitude References Axinn, W. G. and A. Thornton. 1991. “The Intergenerational Reciprocal Relationships between Cohabitation Attitudes and Cohabitation and Marriage Behavior...
Journal Article
Demography (1980) 17 (4): 413–427.
Published: 01 November 1980
...David A. Swanson Abstract This paper reports a mildly restricted procedure for using a theoretical causal ordering and principles from path analysis to provide a basis for modifying regression coefficients in order to improve the estimation accuracy of the ratio-correlation method of population...
Journal Article
Demography (1978) 15 (3): 301–320.
Published: 01 August 1978
... samples—one in Ankara, Turkey, the second in Mexico City, Mexico—using a structural equation methodology. 27 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1978 1978 Family Size Mexico City Causal Model Social Exchange Medium Exposure References Bagozzi , R. P. , & Van...
Journal Article
Demography (2005) 42 (1): 91–108.
Published: 01 February 2005
...Robert Moffitt Abstract The problem of determining cause and effect is one of the oldest in the social sciences, where laboratory experimentation is generally not possible. This article provides a perspective on the analysis of causal relationships in population research that draws upon recent...
Journal Article
Demography (1977) 14 (1): 19–31.
Published: 01 February 1977
... – 1086 . 10.1086/225258 Goodman , L. A. ( 1973 ). Causal Analysis of Data from Panel Studies and Other Kinds of Surveys . American Journal of Sociology , 78 , 1135 – 1191 . 10.1086/225426 Goodman , L. A. ( 1975 ). The Relationship Between Modified and Usual Multiple...
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (4): 1221–1250.
Published: 26 July 2017
... that have a lineage dating back to at least the 1960s, and have consequently produced children who have gone on to establish their own households throughout the latter half of the twentieth and early years of the twenty-first century. In parallel terms, the following represents the average causal...
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Journal Article
Causal Impact of Having a College Degree on Women’s Fertility: Evidence From Regression Kink Designs
Demography (2019) 56 (3): 969–990.
Published: 21 March 2019
...Hosung Sohn; Suk-Won Lee Abstract An important factor speculated to affect fertility level is education. Theoretical predictions regarding whether education increases or decreases fertility are ambiguous. This study analyzes the causal impact of higher education on fertility using census data...
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Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (1): 71–91.
Published: 09 January 2017
.... We investigate the extent to which education is causally related to later age at first birth in a large sample of female twins from the United Kingdom ( N = 2,752). We present novel estimates using within–identical twin and biometric models. Our findings show that one year of additional schooling...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2017) 54 (3): 1007–1028.
Published: 22 March 2017
...Alexandra Killewald; Ian Lundberg Abstract Recent research has shown that men’s wages rise more rapidly than expected prior to marriage, but interpretations diverge on whether this indicates selection or a causal effect of anticipating marriage. We seek to adjudicate this debate by bringing...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1998) 35 (1): 71–81.
Published: 01 February 1998
... studies, we argue that although there is a strong correlation between maternal education and markers of child health, a causal relationship is far from established. Education acts as a proxy for the socioeconomic status of the family and geographic area of residence. Introducing controls for husband’s...
Journal Article
Demography (2024) 61 (3): 901–931.
Published: 01 June 2024
... contributing to the question of what social factors make people old. Corresponding author: [email protected] Copyright © 2024 The Authors 2024 Biodemography Biological age Retirement Causality UK Biobank Life expectancy has substantially risen in the twentieth century. This remarkable...
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2013) 50 (2): 447–469.
Published: 17 October 2012
... assignment of students into single-sex versus coeducational high schools—to assess causal effects of single-sex schools on college entrance exam scores and college attendance. Our validation of the random assignment shows comparable socioeconomic backgrounds and prior academic achievement of students...
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (5): 1765–1790.
Published: 07 October 2019
...Liliana Andriano; Christiaan W. S. Monden Abstract Since the 1980s, the demographic literature has suggested that maternal schooling plays a key role in determining children’s chances of survival in low- and middle-income countries; however, few studies have successfully identified a causal...
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Includes: Supplementary data
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in Toxic Neighborhoods: The Effects of Concentrated Poverty and Environmental Lead Contamination on Early Childhood Development
> Demography
Published: 01 August 2022
Fig. 1 Hypothesized causal relationships between baseline covariates ( C ) , time-varying confounders ( L t ) , neighborhood disadvantage ( A t ) , environmental lead contamination ( M t ) , cognitive ability ( Y ) , and unobserved factors
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Published: 24 February 2016
Fig. 1 Causal relationship for labor supply responses to welfare reform
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in Neighborhoods, Schools, and Academic Achievement: A Formal Mediation Analysis of Contextual Effects on Reading and Mathematics Abilities
> Demography
Published: 28 July 2017
Fig. 1 Directed acyclic graph depicting the hypothesized causal relationships between neighborhood context, school poverty, and academic achievement. A t = neighborhood advantage, M t = school poverty, Y t = academic achievement, and C t = covariates
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in An Assessment and Extension of the Mechanism-Based Approach to the Identification of Age-Period-Cohort Models
> Demography
Published: 09 March 2017
Fig. 2 Causal directed acyclic graph of the three scenarios investigated by simulation. Bold arrows between age ( A ), period ( P ), and cohort ( C ) represent a deterministic relationship, whereas the remaining arrows represent stochastic causal relationships. Circled variables represent
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Published: 01 July 2014
Fig. 4 Causal impact of schooling on caloric expenditure (CE): Quantile regression (QR) vs. IVQTE estimates for females. The bands correspond to 95 % confidence intervals
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