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Journal Article

Health Endowment at Birth and Variation in Intergenerational Economic Mobility: Evidence From U.S. County Birth Cohorts

Cassandra Robertson, Rourke O’Brien
Demography (2018) 55 (1): 249–269.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0646-3
Published: 01 February 2018
... a key pathway for the transmission of economic position across generations. We begin to fill this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between health endowment at birth and intergenerational economic mobility across county birth cohorts in the United States, drawing on estimates from two...
FIGURES
View articletitled, Health Endowment at <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> and Variation in Intergenerational Economic Mobility: Evidence From U.S. County <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> View PDF for article titled, Health Endowment at <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> and Variation in Intergenerational Economic Mobility: Evidence From U.S. County <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span>
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

The Longevity Benefits of Homeownership: Evidence From Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Male Birth Cohorts

Casey F. Breen
Demography (2024) 61 (6): 1731–1757.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11680975
Published: 01 December 2024
... and later-life longevity for the birth cohorts of 1905–1915. I first quantify the unadjusted difference in life expectancy between homeowners and renters. In separate analyses by race, I find a positive relationship between homeownership in early adulthood and later-life longevity for both Black and White...
FIGURES | View All (8)
View articletitled, The Longevity Benefits of Homeownership: Evidence From Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Male <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> View PDF for article titled, The Longevity Benefits of Homeownership: Evidence From Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Male <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span>
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Nuptiality and Fertility of Birth Cohorts

Ladislav T. Ruzicka
Demography (1974) 11 (3): 397–406.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060434
Published: 01 August 1974
... nuptiality patterns. 8 2 2011 © Population Association of America 1974 1974 Birth Cohort Married Woman Average Issue Marital Fertility Marital Fertility Rate References 1971 Census of Population and Housing. Bulletin 3. Demographic Characteristics. Part 9 . ( 1973 ). Australia...
View articletitled, Nuptiality and Fertility of <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> View PDF for article titled, Nuptiality and Fertility of <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span>
Journal Article

Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016

Collin F. Payne
Demography (2022) 59 (3): 949–973.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9938662
Published: 01 June 2022
...), and health expectancies (HEs) in different health states, bounded between two ages—I explore changes in healthy life expectancy across successive birth cohorts of the U.S. population. Results show that little compression of disability is occurring across cohorts, LE with chronic morbidities has expanded...
FIGURES | View All (10)
View articletitled, Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span>, 1998–2016 View PDF for article titled, Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span>, 1998–2016
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Does Early Childhood BCG Vaccination Improve Survival to Midlife in a Population With a Low Tuberculosis Prevalence? Quasi-experimental Evidence on Nonspecific Effects From 32 Swedish Birth Cohorts

Michaela Theilmann, Pascal Geldsetzer, Till Bärnighausen, Nikkil Sudharsanan
Demography (2023) 60 (5): 1607–1630.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-10970757
Published: 01 October 2023
... by comparing the probability of survival in Sweden and in Norway in each birth cohort, accounting for temporal trends (i.e., the general positive trend in the probability of survival), as well as for the baseline difference between the two countries. The central identifying assumption of the multiperiod DiD...
FIGURES | View All (4)
View articletitled, Does Early Childhood BCG Vaccination Improve Survival to Midlife in a Population With a Low Tuberculosis Prevalence? Quasi-experimental Evidence on Nonspecific Effects From 32 Swedish <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span> View PDF for article titled, Does Early Childhood BCG Vaccination Improve Survival to Midlife in a Population With a Low Tuberculosis Prevalence? Quasi-experimental Evidence on Nonspecific Effects From 32 Swedish <span class="search-highlight">Birth</span> <span class="search-highlight">Cohorts</span>
Includes: Supplementary data
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Reduced-form effect on school readiness at age 6 for birth cohorts 1995 (July) to 1998 (June). Source: Administrative data from school entrance examinations in Schleswig-Holstein.

Reduced-form effect on school readiness at age 6 for birth cohorts 1995 (Ju...

in Does Starting Universal Childcare Earlier Influence Children’s Skill Development? > Demography
Published: 15 January 2020
Fig. 4 Reduced-form effect on school readiness at age 6 for birth cohorts 1995 (July) to 1998 (June). Source: Administrative data from school entrance examinations in Schleswig-Holstein. More
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Lexis diagram showing how siblings were identified in the 1920 census, how homeownership and covariates were observed in the 1940 census, and how mortality was measured over time.

A Lexis diagram illustrating the analytic sample. The focal birth cohorts (...

in The Longevity Benefits of Homeownership: Evidence From Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Male Birth Cohorts > Demography
Published: 01 December 2024
Fig. 4 A Lexis diagram illustrating the analytic sample. The focal birth cohorts (1905–1915) are highlighted in blue. I first observe these men in childhood between the ages 4–15 living together in the same household in the 1920 census, from which I use information from the household roster More
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Fig. 5 alt-text: Plots of the probability (and 95% confidence intervals) of having a child or having a child out of wedlock at ages 25–30 for immigrants/descendants relative to native-born women.

Probability of being a mother across birth cohorts for immigrants/descendan...

in The Demographic and Socioeconomic Consequences of Restricting Access to Marriage for Young Immigrant Women in Denmark > Demography
Published: 01 February 2025
Fig. 5 Probability of being a mother across birth cohorts for immigrants/descendants relative to native-born women. Source: Authors’ calculations using data from Statistics Denmark. More
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Fig. 6 alt-text: Top: Plots of months of completed education (and 95% confidence intervals) at ages 25–30 for immigrants/descendants relative to native-born women. Bottom: Plots of enrollment (and 95% confidence intervals) at ages 25–30 for immigrants/descendants relative to native-born women.

Educational length and enrollment across birth cohorts for immigrants/desce...

in The Demographic and Socioeconomic Consequences of Restricting Access to Marriage for Young Immigrant Women in Denmark > Demography
Published: 01 February 2025
Fig. 6 Educational length and enrollment across birth cohorts for immigrants/descendants relative to native-born women, with and without detrending. Source: Authors’ calculations using data from Statistics Denmark. More
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Minimum mortality in France, females and males: Birth cohorts 1900–1993. The graph depicts the observed (squares and crosses) as well as the smoothed (solid line) minimum mortality. The observed rates marked with a square indicate the cohorts who spent at least one year in the omitted periods (World Wars I and II). The colored area around the smoothed minimum mortality estimates depicts the 95 % confidence interval as calculated by the approach of Camarda (2012). Minimum mortality rates are illustrated using the logarithm with basis two. The solid gray grid lines and the Roman numerals mark the different periods of development. Source: Own illustration using age- and cohort-specific death counts and exposure-to-risk from the Human Mortality Database (n.d.)

Minimum mortality in France, females and males: Birth cohorts 1900–1993. Th...

in How Has the Lower Boundary of Human Mortality Evolved, and Has It Already Stopped Decreasing? > Demography
Published: 03 August 2018
Fig. 2 Minimum mortality in France, females and males: Birth cohorts 1900–1993. The graph depicts the observed (squares and crosses) as well as the smoothed (solid line) minimum mortality. The observed rates marked with a square indicate the cohorts who spent at least one year in the omitted More
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Minimum mortality, females and males: Birth cohorts 1970, 1980, and 1990. The graph depicts the levels of minimum mortality for the 1970, 1980, and 1990 birth cohorts for all countries analyzed. For Bulgaria, the last available cohort was born in 1989. Countries are ordered according to the minimum mortality level for the cohort born in 1990, with the lowest to the highest levels displayed from left to right. The bars around the median estimate of the 1990 birth cohort depict the 95 % confidence interval, as calculated by the approach of Camarda (2012). Note that the vertical axis has different ranges for males and females. Source: Own illustration using age- and cohort-specific death counts and exposure-to-risk from the Human Mortality Database (n.d.)

Minimum mortality, females and males: Birth cohorts 1970, 1980, and 1990. T...

in How Has the Lower Boundary of Human Mortality Evolved, and Has It Already Stopped Decreasing? > Demography
Published: 03 August 2018
Fig. 3 Minimum mortality, females and males: Birth cohorts 1970, 1980, and 1990. The graph depicts the levels of minimum mortality for the 1970, 1980, and 1990 birth cohorts for all countries analyzed. For Bulgaria, the last available cohort was born in 1989. Countries are ordered according More
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Fig. 2 Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts The differently shaded areas represent the distribution of the LE across life with and without ADL disability. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent disability-free for each cohort. LE=life expectancy. ADL=activities of daily living.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts The...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 2 Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts The differently shaded areas represent the distribution of the LE across life with and without ADL disability. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect More
Image
Fig. 3 Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts. The differently shaded areas represent the distribution of the LE across life with and without chronic morbidities. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent morbidity-free for each cohort. LE=life expectancy.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts. The...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 3 Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts. The differently shaded areas represent the distribution of the LE across life with and without chronic morbidities. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily More
Image
Fig. 4 Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts. The differently shaded areas represent the distribution of the LE across healthy and unhealthy life, by self-reported health. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent healthy for each cohort. LE=life expectancy.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts. The differ...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 4 Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts. The differently shaded areas represent the distribution of the LE across healthy and unhealthy life, by self-reported health. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily More
Image
Fig. 5 Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts by educational attainment, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents disabled life expectancy (DLE) and the light shading represents disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent disability-free for each cohort. LE=life expectancy. HS=high school. BA=bachelor's degree.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts by ...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 5 Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts by educational attainment, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents disabled life expectancy (DLE) and the light shading represents disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). The black vertical lines denote More
Image
Fig. 6 Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts by educational attainment, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents life expectancy with chronic morbidities (MLE) and the light shading represents morbidity-free life expectancy (MFLE). The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent morbidity-free for each cohort. LE=life expectancy. HS=high school. BA=bachelor's degree.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts by e...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 6 Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts by educational attainment, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents life expectancy with chronic morbidities (MLE) and the light shading represents morbidity-free life expectancy (MFLE). The black vertical More
Image
Fig. 7 Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts by educational attainment, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents unhealthy life expectancy (ULE) and the light shading represents healthy life expectancy (HLE), by self-reported health. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent healthy for each cohort. LE=life expectancy. HS=high school. BA=bachelor's degree.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts by educatio...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 7 Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts by educational attainment, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents unhealthy life expectancy (ULE) and the light shading represents healthy life expectancy (HLE), by self-reported health. The black vertical lines More
Image
Fig. 8 Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts by race/ethnicity, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents disabled life expectancy (DLE) and the light shading represents disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent disability-free for each cohort. LE=life expectancy.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts by ...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 8 Estimated partial-cohort LE and disability-free LE across birth cohorts by race/ethnicity, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents disabled life expectancy (DLE) and the light shading represents disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI More
Image
Fig. 9 Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts by race/ethnicity, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents life expectancy with chronic morbidities (MLE) and the light shading represents morbidity-free life expectancy (MFLE). The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent morbidity-free for each cohort. LE=life expectancy.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts by r...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 9 Estimated partial-cohort LE and morbidity-free LE across birth cohorts by race/ethnicity, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents life expectancy with chronic morbidities (MLE) and the light shading represents morbidity-free life expectancy (MFLE). The black vertical lines denote More
Image
Fig. 10 Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts by race/ethnicity, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents unhealthy life expectancy (ULE) and the light shading represents healthy life expectancy (HLE), by self-reported health. The black vertical lines denote the 95% CI around each point estimate. The bars do not necessarily reflect the ordering of these life-years by health states, as individuals in our analysis can recover and relapse between states. The percentage figure in each bar shows the percentage of total LE spent healthy for each cohort.

Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts by race/eth...

in Expansion, Compression, Neither, Both? Divergent Patterns in Healthy, Disability-Free, and Morbidity-Free Life Expectancy Across U.S. Birth Cohorts, 1998–2016 > Demography
Published: 01 June 2022
Fig. 10 Estimated partial-cohort LE and healthy LE across birth cohorts by race/ethnicity, both sexes combined. The dark shading represents unhealthy life expectancy (ULE) and the light shading represents healthy life expectancy (HLE), by self-reported health. The black vertical lines denote More