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Baseline Category
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Journal Article
Demography (1999) 36 (3): 327–337.
Published: 01 August 1999
... before birth. 12 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1999 1999 Live Birth Spontaneous Abortion Fetal Loss Fetal Mortality Baseline Category References Abramson , F. ( 1973 ). Spontaneous Fetal Death in Man . Social Biology , 20 , 375 – 403...
Journal Article
Demography (1996) 33 (1): 12–23.
Published: 01 February 1996
... of reasons; this paper describes how one can control for correlations between the outcomes of repeated spells of contraceptive use. 14 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1996 1996 Unobserved Factor Baseline Category Family Planning Policy Binary Logit Model Multinomial Logit...
Journal Article
Demography (2014) 51 (6): 2203–2228.
Published: 19 November 2014
... are calculated by taking the corresponding average for the four quarters preceding the first interview for each respondent. 5 To make the coefficients for the baseline category easier to interpret in the selectivity models, all economic variables are centered on their means for the entire period considered...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2013) 50 (2): 751–775.
Published: 17 October 2012
... of Model 1 indicate that employed men are significantly less likely to migrate for other reasons compared with the non-economically active used as the baseline category. Having a job clearly discourages men from leaving the country to reunite with family members or to study. These opposite findings for men...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (1985) 22 (2): 185–198.
Published: 01 May 1985
...." The baseline category to which other groups are compared is the 8-17 month category of the 1965-1969 cohort. Also reported in Table 3, in parentheses, are the ex- pected values of the proportional haz- ards coefficients under the non-interac- tive model (obtained by multiplying the appropriate first-birth...
Journal Article
Demography (1997) 34 (3): 343–354.
Published: 01 August 1997
....) Coefficients for the final baseline model (Eq. (1», and for the final model of couple's childbearing desires and the birth hazard (Eq. (2» are presented in Table 3. Each coeffi- cient is the relative hazard of a birth compared to the baseline category of the particular variable. From Eq. (2), we see...
Journal Article
Demography (2021) 58 (4): 1347–1371.
Published: 01 August 2021
... level measured two years before pregnancy. The baseline level is not estimated in the models because, as a time-invariant effect, it is indistinguishable from the individual-specific constant. Therefore, the choice of the reference category for one of the two groups does not affect the results...
FIGURES
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2023) 60 (2): 517–537.
Published: 01 April 2023
... holds: no statistical differences are seen before the shock relative to the baseline category (the round before the event, “b1”). 15 Following recent literature on the multidimensionality of human capital and the importance of socioemotional skills in late-life outcomes, I proceed as in Table...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2016) 53 (3): 865–883.
Published: 15 April 2016
... in order to exclude them from the baseline category of nonmigrants when making comparisons about educational selectivity because the former have been self-selected for migration at an earlier point in time. In addition, the extent to which returning international migrants are underplaced...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Demography (2018) 55 (3): 823–847.
Published: 16 May 2018
... measures. The dependent variable for this analysis is a four-category measure of the parent-child relationship for all children reported at baseline. At each follow-up interview, each child was coded as (1) living with the respondent; (2) in weekly contact; (3) in occasional contact, at least once...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (4): 1249–1274.
Published: 01 August 2022
... as exponentiated coefficients, which gives relative risk ratios (RRRs): the ratio of the probability of being in a given outcome category (e.g., very likely to move) to the probability of being in the baseline category (i.e., very unlikely to move) associated with a one-unit increase in an explanatory variable...
FIGURES
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Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2015) 52 (1): 153–182.
Published: 29 January 2015
... time by union history (Table 1 reports the exact amounts) for women with a nonmarital birth. We note in the figure where either baseline or over-time wealth values are significantly different from the reference category of single mothers who neither cohabited nor married. At baseline, women who later...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Demography (2008) 45 (3): 719–740.
Published: 01 August 2008
... intercepts. Now represents the effects of social back- ground variables at the baseline category, age = 6 and birth cohort = 1965 1969, and contains the differences in effects over each age and cohort combination. This model allows all the effects to vary freely and thus uses many more degrees of freedom...
Journal Article
Demography (2022) 59 (6): 2271–2293.
Published: 01 December 2022
... easily interpret the results, I refit the model five times, varying the baseline category. Compared with reporting no sex (top panel), higher pregnancy disinclination increases women's likelihood of sex with hormonal or coital methods, whereas stronger desire for sex increases the likelihood of sex...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2007) 44 (2): 289–305.
Published: 01 May 2007
... the importance of the education of an older adult and his or her highest-educated child after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and health characteristics at baseline. To gain further insight, we fit additional models based on the sample stratified by whether older adults report serious diseases...
Journal Article
Demography (2019) 56 (2): 525–548.
Published: 16 January 2019
... and retired/disabled, with employed as reference), marital status (single, widowed/divorced/separated, with married as the reference category), and current region of residence. I also include a number of household-level baseline characteristics: whether the home is owned, rented, or neither; household income...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article
Demography (2010) 47 (3): 537–554.
Published: 01 August 2010
... the period from baseline to follow-up, the greater is exposure to the possibility of a shift in coresidence. Therefore, we adjust for duration of time to follow-up in the analysis. 542 Demography, Volume 47-Number 3, August 2010 Covariates are divided into ¿ ve categories that address, as best as possible...
Journal Article
Demography (1986) 23 (4): 607–620.
Published: 01 November 1986
...Ian D. Diamond; John W. McDonald; Iqbal H. Shah 12 1 2011 © Population Association of America 1986 1986 Hazard Function Rural Dweller Baseline Hazard Function Accelerate Failure Time Model Failure Time Data References Albert , A. , & Anderson , J...
Journal Article
Demography (1998) 35 (4): 509–517.
Published: 01 November 1998
... Population Association of America 1998 1998 Birth Weight Infant Mortality Birth Cohort Birth Outcome Baseline Weight References Balcazar , H. , Keefer , L. , & Chard , T. ( 1994 ). Use of Anthropomorphic Indicators and Maternal Risk Factors to Evaluate Intrauterine...
Journal Article
Demography (1998) 35 (1): 45–56.
Published: 01 February 1998
... emissions for a given pollutant in California in the given year due to each source category. any effects of affluence), then the specification of popula- tion in the baseline models as simple counts of people may not be appropriate. I investigated four alternative specifications of popula- tion. The first...
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