Abstract
We use a unique data source to examine postimmigration investments in education among four immigrant groups in the Netherlands. We derive hypotheses from the Immigrant Human Capital Investment model (IHCI), which argues that immigrants’ investments are an outcome of settlement intentions, skill transferability, and opportunity costs. The multinomial and ordered logistic regression analyses show that educational investments are stronger among immigrants with higher premigration education, immigrants from former colonies, immigrants who migrated for family reasons, and immigrants who arrived in periods of high unemployment. These ndings generally support the IHCI model.
The text of this article is only available as a PDF.
References
Borjas, G.J. (
1982
). The Earnings of Male Hispanic Immigrants in the United States
. Industrial and Labor Relations Review
, 35
, 343
–53
. 10.2307/2522814Bratsberg, B., & Ragan, J.F. (
2002
). The Impact of Host-Country Schooling on Earnings: A Study of Male Immigrants in the United States
. Journal of Human Resources
, 37
, 63
–105
. 10.2307/3069604Brunello, G. (
2004
). Labour Market Institutions and the Complementarity Between Education and Training in Europe
. In Checchi, D., & Lucifora, C. (Eds.), Education, Training and Labour Market Outcomes in Europe
(pp. 188
–210
). Basingstoke
: Palgrave MacMillan
.Cameron, S.V., & Heckman, J.J. (
1998
). Life Cycle Schooling and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts of American Males
. Journal of Political Economy
, 106
, 262
–333
. 10.1086/250010Card, D., & Lemieux, T. (
2000
). Dropout and Enrollment Trends in the Post-war Period: What Went Wrong in the 1970s?
. Cambridge, MA
: National Bureau of Economic Research
.Carliner, G. (
2000
). The Language Ability of U.S. Immigrants: Assimilation and Cohort Effects
. International Migration Review
, 34
, 158
–82
. 10.2307/2676016Castles, S., & Miller, M.J. (
2003
). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World.
. New York
: The Guilford Press
.Chiswick, B.R. (
1978
). The Effect of Americanization on the Earnings of Foreign-born Men
. Journal of Political Economy
, 86
, 897
–921
. 10.1086/260717Chiswick, B.R., Cohen, Y., & Zach, T. (
1997
). The Labor Market Status of Immigrants: Effect of the Unemployment Rate at Arrival and Duration of Residence
. Industrial and Labor Relations Review
, 50
, 289
–303
. 10.2307/2525087Chiswick, B.R., & DebBurman, N. (
2006
). Pre-School Enrollment: An Analysis by Immigrant Generation
. Social Science Research
, 35
, 60
–87
.Chiswick, B.R., & Miller, P.W. (
1994
). The Determinants of Post-Immigration Investments in Education
. Economics of Education Review
, 13
, 163
–77
. 10.1016/0272-7757(94)90005-1Chiswick, B.R. (
1995
). The Endogeneity Between Language and Earnings: International Analyses
. Journal of Labor Economics
, 13
, 246
–88
. 10.1086/298374Chiswick, B.R. (
1998
). Language Skill Definition: A Study of Legalized Aliens
. International Migration Review
, 32
, 877
–900
. 10.2307/2547664Chiswick, B.R. (
2001
). A Model of Destination-Language Pro ciency Acquisition: Application to Male Immigrants in Canada
. Demography
, 38
, 391
–409
. 10.1353/dem.2001.0025Chiswick, B.R. (
2002
). Immigrant Earnings: Language Skills, Linguistic Concentration and the Business Cycle
. Journal of Population Economics
, 15
, 1
–57
. 10.1007/PL00003838Cobb-Clark, D.A., Connolly, M.D., & Worswick, C. (
2005
). Post-Migration Investments in Education and Job Search: A Family Perspective
. Journal of Population Economics
, 18
, 663
–90
. 10.1007/s00148-005-0006-2Duleep, H.O., & Regets, M.C. (
1999
). Immigrants and Human-Capital Investment
. American Economic Review
, 89
, 186
–90
. 10.1257/aer.89.2.186Duleep, H.O. (
2002
). The Elusive Concept of Immigrant Quality: Evidence From 1970–1990
. Bonn, Germany
: Institute for the Study of Labor
.Duvander, A.E. (
2001
). Do Country-Specific Skills Lead to Improved Labor Market Positions?
. Work and Occupations
, 28
, 210
–33
. 10.1177/0730888401028002005Espenshade, T.J., & Fu, H. (
1997
). An Analysis of English-Language Pro ciency Among U.S. Immigrants
. American Sociological Review
, 62
, 288
–305
. 10.2307/2657305Espinosa, K.E., & Massey, D.S. (
1997
). Determinants of English Pro ciency Among Mexican Migrants to the United States
. International Migration Review
, 31
, 28
–50
. 10.2307/2547256Friedberg, R.M. (
2000
). You Can’t Take It With You? Immigrant Assimilation and the Portability of Human Capital
. Journal of Labor Economics
, 18
, 221
–51
. 10.1086/209957Gustman, A.L., & Steinmeier, T.L. (
1981
). The Impact of Wages and Unemployment on Youth Enrollment and Labor Supply
. Review of Economics and Statistics
, 63
, 553
–60
. 10.2307/1935851Hashmi, A. (
1987
). Post-Migration Investment in Education by Immigrants in the United States
. Department of Economics
: University of Illinois at Chicago
.Hashmi-Kahn, A. (
1997
). Post-Migration Investment in Education by Immigrants in the United States
. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance
, 37
, 285
–313
. 10.1016/S1062-9769(97)90070-3Heckman, J.J. (
1979
). Sample Selection as a Speci cation Error
. Econometrica
, 47
, 153
–61
. 10.2307/1912352Kossoudji, S.A. (
1988
). English Language Ability and the Labor Market Opportunities of Hispanic and East Asian Immigrant Men
. Journal of Labor Economics
, 6
, 205
–28
. 10.1086/298181Long, J.S. (
1997
). Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables
. Thousand Oaks, CA
: Sage
.McDonald, J.T., & Worswick, C. (
1998
). The Earnings of Immigrant Men in Canada: Job Tenure, Cohort, and Macroeconomic Conditions
. Industrial and Labor Relations Review
, 51
, 465
–82
. 10.2307/2525118Duleep, H.O. (
1999
). The Earnings of Immigrant Men in Australia: Assimilation, Cohort Effects and Macroeconomic Conditions
. The Economic Record
, 75
, 49
–62
. 10.1111/j.1475-4932.1999.tb02433.xRasbash, J., F. Steele, W.J. Browne, and B. Prosser. 2005. A User’s Guide to MLwiN Version 2.0. Center of Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol. Available online at http://www.cmm.bristol. ac.uk/MLwiN/download/userman_2005.pdf
Raudenbush, S.W., & Bryk, A.S. (
2002
). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
. 2nd edNewbury Park, CA
: Sage
.Rosen, S. (
1976
). A Theory of Life Earnings
. The Journal of Political Economy
, 84
(4
), S45
–S67
. 10.1086/260532Statistics Netherlands. 2006. Statline. Available online at http://www.cbs.nl
Van Ours, J.C., & Veenman, J. (
2003
). The Educational Attainment of Second-Generation Immigrants in the Netherlands
. Journal of Population Economics
, 16
, 739
–53
. 10.1007/s00148-003-0147-0Van Smoorenburg, M.S.M., & Van der Velden, R.K.W. (
2000
). The Training of School-Leavers. Complementarity or Substitution?
. Economics of Education Review
, 19
, 207
–17
. 10.1016/S0272-7757(99)00044-8Van Tubergen, F., & Kalmijn, M. (
2005
). Destination-Language Pro ciency in Cross-National Perspective: A Study of Immigrant Groups in Nine Western Countries
. American Journal of Sociology
, 110
, 1412
–57
. 10.1086/428931Zeng, Z., & Xie, Y. (
2004
). Asian-Americans’ Earnings Disadvantage Reexamined: The Role of Place of Education
. American Journal of Sociology
, 109
, 1075
–108
. 10.1086/381914© Population Association of America 2007
2007
