The text of this article is only available as a PDF.
References
Anderson, J. G. (
1973
). Causal models and social indicators: Toward the development of social systems models
. American Sociological Review
, 38
, 285
–301
. 10.2307/2094353Caldwell, J. C. (
1979
). Education as a factor in mortality decline—An examination of Nigerian data
. Population Studies
, 33
, 395
–413
. 10.2307/2173888Chase, H. C. (
1967
). International comparisons of perinatal and infant mortality: The United States and six West European countries
. Washington, D.C.
: National Center for Health Statistics
.Cochrane, A. L., Leger, A. S. St., & Moore, F. (
1978
). Health service “input” and mortality “output” in developed countries
. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
, 32
, 200
–205
. 10.1136/jech.32.3.200Davis, K. (
1969
). World Urbanization, 1950–1970
. Berkeley
: Institute of International Studies, University of California
.Dubos, R. (
1959
). Mirage of Health: Utopias, Progress, and Biological Change
. New York
: Harper & Row
.Eberstein, I. W., & Parker, J. R. (
1984
). Racial differences in infant mortality by cause of death: The impact of birth weight and maternal age
. Demography
, 21
, 309
–321
. 10.2307/2061161Flegg, A. T. (
1982
). Inequality of income, illiteracy, and medical care as determinants of infant mortality in underdeveloped countries
. Population Studies
, 36
, 441
–458
. 10.2307/2174055Fuchs, V. R. (
1974
). Who Shall Live? Health, Economics, and Social Choice
. New York
: Basic Books
.Gleicher, N. (
1984
). Cesarean section rates in the United States: The short-term failure of the National Consensus Development Conferences in 1980
. Journal of the American Medical Association
, 252
, 3273
–3276
. 10.1001/jama.252.23.3273Gortmaker, S. L. (
1979
). Poverty and infant mortality in the United States
. American Sociological Review
, 44
, 280
–297
. 10.2307/2094510Grossman, M., & Jacobowitz, S. (
1981
). Variations in infant mortality rates among counties of the United States: The roles of public policies and programs
. Demography
, 18
, 695
–713
. 10.2307/2060956Hannan, M. T., & Young, A. A. (
1977
). Estimation in panel models: Results on pooling cross-sections and time series
. In Heise, D. R. (Ed.), Sociological Methodology 1977
(pp. 52
–83
). San Francisco
: Jossey-Bass
.Hartford, R. B. (
1984
). The case of the elusive infant mortality rate
. Population Today
, 12
(5
), 6
–7
.Hecht, P. K., & Cutright, P. (
1979
). Racial differences in infant mortality rates: United States, 1969
. Social Forces
, 57
, 1180
–1191
. 10.2307/2577265Hinds, M. W. (
1974
). Fewer doctors and infant survival
. New England Journal of Medicine
, 291
, 741
–741
.Hobcraft, J. N., McDonald, J. W., & Rutstein, S. O. (
1984
). Socio-economic factors in infant and child mortality: A cross-national comparison
. Population Studies
, 38
, 193
–223
. 10.2307/2174073Jones, E. F., Forrest, J. D., Goldman, N., Henshaw, S. K., Lincoln, R., Rosoff, T. I., Westoff, C. F., & Wulf, D. (
1985
). Teenage pregnancy in developed countries: Determinants and policy implications
. Family Planning Perspectives
, 17
, 53
–63
. 10.2307/2135261Judge, G. G., Griffiths, W. E., Hill, R. C., & Lee, T.-C. (
1980
). The Theory and Practice of Econometrics
. New York
: Wiley
.Khoury, M. J., Erikson, J. D., & Adams, M. J. (
1984
). Trends in postneonatal mortality in the United States: 1962 through 1978
. Journal of the American Medical Association
, 252
, 367
–372
. 10.1001/jama.252.3.367Knodel, J., & Hermalin, A. I. (
1984
). The effects of birth rank, maternal age, birth interval and sibship size on infant and child mortality: Evidence from 18th and 19th century reproductive histories
. American Journal of Public Health
, 74
, 1098
–1106
. 10.2105/AJPH.74.10.1098Lee, K. S., Paneth, N., Carter, L. M., & Pearlman, M. (
1980
). The very low-birthweight rate: Principal predictor of neonatal mortality rates in industrial populations
. Journal of Pediatrics
, 97
, 759
–764
. 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80259-9Lee, K. S., Paneth, N., Gartner, L., Pearlman, M., & Gruss, L. (
1980
). Neonatal mortality: An analysis of the recent improvements in the United States
. American Journal of Public Health
, 70
, 15
–21
. 10.2105/AJPH.70.1.15McCormick, M. C. (
1985
). The contribution oflow birth weight to infant mortality and childhood mortality
. New England Journal of Medicine
, 312
, 82
–90
. 10.1056/NEJM198501103120204McKeown, T., & Record, R. G. (
1962
). Reasons for the decline in mortality in England and Wales during the nineteenth century
. Population Studies
, 16
, 94
–122
. 10.2307/2173119Miller, C. A. (
1985
). Infant mortality in the U.S
. Scientific American
, 253
(1
), 31
–37
. 10.1038/scientificamerican0785-31Miller, M. K., & Stokes, C. S. (
1978
). Health status, health resources, and consolidated structural parameters: Implications for public health care policy
. Journal of Health and Social Behavior
, 19
, 263
–279
. 10.2307/2136559Morris, M. D. (
1979
). Measuring the Condition of the World’s Poor: The Physical Quality of Life Index
. New York
: Pergamon
.Morris, N., Udry, J. R., & Chase, C. L. (
1975
). Shifting age-parity distribution of births and the decrease in infant mortality
. American Journal of Public Health
, 65
, 359
–365
. 10.2105/AJPH.65.4.359Mosteller, F., & Tukey, J. W. (
1977
). Data Analysis and Regression: A Second Course in Statistics
. Addison-Wesley
: Reading, Mass.
.Pamuk, E. R. (
1985
). Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales
. Population Studies
, 39
, 17
–31
. 10.1080/0032472031000141256Paneth, N., Wallenstein, S., Kiely, J. L., & Susser, M. (
1982
). Social class indicators and mortality in low birthweight infants
. American Journal of Epidemiology
, 116
, 364
–375
.Preston, S. H. (
1975
). The changing relationship between mortality and level of economic development
. Population Studies
, 29
, 231
–248
. 10.2307/2173509Preston, S. H. (
1977
). Mortality trends
. Annual Review of Sociology
, 3
, 163
–178
. 10.1146/annurev.so.03.080177.001115Repetto, R. (
1978
). The interaction of fertility and the size distribution of income
. Journal of Development Studies
, 14
, 22
–39
. 10.1080/00220387808421688Rindfuss, R. R., Gortmaker, S. L., & Ladinsky, J. L. (
1978
). Elective induction and stimulation of labor and the health of the infant
. American Journal of Public Health
, 68
, 872
–878
. 10.2105/AJPH.68.9.872Rodgers, G. B. (
1979
). Income and inequality as determinants of mortality: An international cross-sectional analysis
. Population Studies
, 33
, 343
–351
. 10.2307/2173539Rutstein, S. O. (
1984
). Infant and Child Mortality: Levels, Trends, and Demographic Differentials
. Voorburg, Netherlands
: International Statistical Institute
.Schroeder, S. A. (
1984
). Western European responses to physician oversupply: Lessons for the United States
. Journal of the American Medical Association
, 252
, 373
–384
. 10.1001/jama.252.3.373Shin, E. H. (
1975
). Economic and social correlates of infant mortality: A cross-national and longitudinal analysis of 63 selected countries
. Social Biology
, 22
, 315
–325
.Showstack, J. A., Budetti, P. P., & Minkler, D. (
1984
). Factors associated with birthweight: An exploration of the roles of prenatal care and length of gestation
. American Journal of Public Health
, 74
, 1003
–1008
. 10.2105/AJPH.74.9.1003Sidel, V. W., & Sidel, R. (
1983
). A Healthy State: An International Perspective on the Crisis in United States Medical Care
. New York
: Pantheon
.Stockwell, E. G., Wicks, J. W., & Adamchak, D. J. (
1978
). Research needed on socioeconomic differentials in U.S. mortality
. Public Health Reports
, 93
, 67
–74
.Taylor, C. L., & Jodice, D. A. (
1983
). The World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators III: 1948–1977
. Ann Arbor, Mich.
: Inter-Consortium for Political and Social Research
.Treas, J. (
1983
). Trickle down or transfers? Post-war determinants of family income inequality
. American Sociological Review
, 48
, 546
–559
. 10.2307/2117721Trussell, J., & Pebley, A. R. (
1984
). The potential impact of changes in fertility on infant, child, and maternal mortality
. Studies in Family Planning
, 15
, 267
–280
. 10.2307/1966071Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970
. (1975
). Washington, D.C.
: U.S. Government Printing Office
.Weatherby, N. L., Nam, C. B., & Isaac, L. W. (
1983
). Development, inequality, health care, and mortality at the older ages: A cross-national analysis
. Demography
, 20
, 27
–43
. 10.2307/2060899White, E., Shy, K. K., & Daling, J. R. (
1985
). An investigation of the relationship between cesarean section birth and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
. American Journal of Epidemiology
, 121
, 651
–663
. 10.1093/aje/121.5.651World Development Report
. (1983
). New York
: Oxford University Press
.World Health Organization
(1978
). Main findings of the comparative study of social and biological effects on perinatal mortality
. World Health Statistics Quarterly
, 31
, 74
–83
.© Population Association of America 1986
1986