...Litheko Modisane This essay examines the public life of the South African film Mapantsula (1988), an overtly antiapartheid engagé film about a petty gangster in the context of the 1980s political unrest in South African townships, from the moment of the film's inception to the history of its...

... of the township middle is the purpose of this article to suggest how elements classes, which, during the 1980s, supported urban of this new middle class emerging in the townships guerrilla warfare, in contrast to the FOSATU/COSA?ZJ away from the controls of apartheid, contributed to industrial unions...

... labor force. At the same time, the expanding industrial economy required a settled workforce, which led the government to acknowledge that a section of the African population could be permanently urbanized. New townships, with family housing, were established on a large scale to accommodate this group...

... housing elsewhere, moved into the “native loca- that there was little to gain, and everything to lose, tion,” or African township, and went into business, by being associated with Africans. Indeed, coming...

... agenda within the liberation movement white people in his township, asked his parents with when black working class organization was ~eakest.~consternation, “Why are they allowed in our coun- For this reason, many socialists have seen the attempt try?”5 Through discriminatory laws and structures...

... invited guests; the second their stories to the Truth and Reconciliation performance was at Philippi Township Commu- Commission (TRC), survivors were continuing nity Hall on the Day of Reconciliation (16 De- to tell their stories in theater. I...

... taken in that township. And a few weather is hot and humid. There is no real winter. And policemen were killed. 1 This was before Sharpeville actually women students were also required to dress very formally, happened.' But then Sharpeville happened and I recall this and we noticed the downright...

... 144 (see Glossary) has been promulgated in the township almost continually since March 10, 1980. The DSP Mr. Deepak Verma in collusion with themanagement and the contractors has suppressed any attempt by the workers to protest the inhuman treatment meted out to them. Thus in November 1982 when...

.... 3 A Rainbow on the Paper Sky, London: Kliptown, 1989; The Naked ML: There are two aspects to this problem: structural Song and Other Stories, Cape Town and Johannesburg: David and educational. If you go to any black township...

... there. most former industrial towns, it’s a very depressing Apartheid was simply made informal. There are place. no white people living in townships; when black...

... South Africa. Case studies of popular protests and violence in historically black townships and informal settlements near South Africa's largest city, Johannesburg, as well as in Mpumalanga province help me examine the micro-dimensions of political society there. 2 Like its Indian counterpart...

... white so- beginning of this article subtly hints at the com- ciety transplanted in a modern township that was plex constellation of foreign influences at play in built in 1937 following a Caltex standard plan mix- the politics of oil development in Manama. The ing American and British suburban...

... at the University of the Witwatersrand. He has published books and ar- ticles on the histories of townships, the Soweto upris- ing, and the public history and contemporary politics of South Africa. In addition, he has been involved in several public history projects that have produced popular histories, exhibitions...

...- xiv + 188 pp., $24.95 (paper) plains how Kwa Thema, a township located in Gauteng (one of South Africa’s postapartheid new A hybrid place, South Africa has received growing provinces...

... Nuse (Western Township). members invited me to an A.F.T.U. meeting, but the people were not prepared to organise the African G. Solundwana (Secretary, Brakpan Branch). Masses on proper lines.5We found a lot of white...

... of Commerce by the late 1920s, together to resist repeated attempts, often led by and Indians later occupied key posts in the territory’s white settlers, to form an East African unione3*Y R. township authorities and economic control board Boal, editor of the Tanganyika Herald, appealed for M.P...

... of governance rural villages and small market towns; in resettle- and regulation. ment colonies and townships populated by people For many social theorists economic zones displaced by or working in zones; in the offices were problem spaces, symptomatic of powerful of government administrators, trade...

... Glen S. Elder articles. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2003 Providing historical background, Elder ex- xiv + 188 pp., $24.95 (paper) plains how Kwa Thema, a township located...

... reinforced through the planning of small grew to become a lush green oasis. In spite of Wil- townships in four or five distinct areas with each son’s success at implementing the garden compo- housing specific ethnicities and employee grades.18 nent of Howard’s model, Ahmadi’s socio...

... in a vehement announcement: We are grateful to exalted God that he has allowed us to live in a remote township to perform the duties of journalism, a township which is safe from the piety-destroying and faith-removing elements of civilization, where neither the gaieties and frivolities of youth and poetry...