... local government councils covering the last seven decades. The political settlements that have arisen through different conjunctures and across the turbulent history of oil busts and booms need to be clearly explicated if both state effects and the political work of corruption claims are to be fully...

...Leigh Denault Alternately seen as a local-level court of arbitration, a union or committee, or village or municipal council, the concept of the South Asian panchayat was a sociopolitical and legal palimpsest. Retaining traces of meaning accrued from multiple incarnations, contestations...

...John Willoughby The key argument of this essay is that the increased educational attainment of women who are citizens of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is leading to noticeable increases in female labor force participation. As a result of this development, the emergence of new labor...

... Council member Aya- tification, see Mohsen Kadivar, Nazariyeh-ha-ye dou- 21. ‘Alireza ‘Alavitabar, “Sekularism va demukrasi” (“Sec- tollah Abolqasem Khaz’ali reportedly told the congre...

... (The Supreme Council during the Tanzimat Era, 1838-1868) . Ankara : Türk Tarih Kurumu , 1999 . Sinclair Tom . “ The Ottoman Arrangements for the Tribal Principalities of the Lake Van Region in the Sixteenth Century .” In Ottoman Borderlands: Issues, Personalities, and Political Changes , edited...

... financial either obtaining be can law Islamic in claims Private 1. Agency. Information U.S. the by provided Research funds Science with Social Council the of Program Mid- Africa the North from and award East an dle by assisted was article this for Research...

... of “property.” The company’s first move was to appeal to the International Court Security Council, however, placed the resolution on the of Justice. On 26 May 1951, the British government instituted agenda by nine votes to two, the two being the Soviet Union legal proceedings against Iran. This application...

... these two mo- their actions; they should agitate to overturn op- ments of student protest. pressive acts wherever they took place. Freedom of speech meant little if it could not be turned Arab Nationalism into freedom of action. In questioning the limi- John Racy, 1951–  52 AUB Student Council speaker...

... legitimacy from Islamic law — the religious su- IRI is unique among nondemocratic regimes, Middle pervisory bodies (the Council of the Guardian having regular parliamentary and presidential [Majles-e Khobregan], the Expediency Council elections with a (limited) choice...

... will further ar- pensation. ‘Ali then argued that he could not pay gue that people sometimes confused the two this amount of money, and the court reached a systems, and that their interaction with them was payment agreement. The council further decided to sometimes based on a partial understanding...

... council to close the dump site that is now buried beneath flowers. Samir and his friends like to carry their water pipes there to spend evenings together. It is glorious. Lamees zones out. She grabs my arm and walks me farther up the hill, where we can see through a small clearing in the trees. She...

...: Basic Democracies in Pakistan . Islamabad : Bureau of National Reconstruction, Government of Pakistan , 1960 . Rashiduzzaman M. Politics and Administration in the Local Councils: A Study of Union and District Councils in East Pakistan . Karachi : Oxford University Press , 1968...

.... But thereforc, no accident that land reform remained this was not the case. Except in isolated instances, central to the conflict of jurisdiction between the peasants did not fight to divide up the land; nor mujlis and the Guardian Council of the Constitution were they really involved...

... Ayatollah Ali Khamenei delegated more new policies. Finally, I argue that the new poli- powers to Ali Akbar Rafsanjani as chairman of cies are not mere short-term tactics intended to the Council for the Expediency of the System. extract some minor concessions from...

... of   private builders with another 5,095 units.27 peasants to the cities made solving agricultural Unlike Latin America, where labor unions problems a formidable task. To stimulate rural and workers’ councils constituted a crucial base development, the regime established the “cru- Dodson...

... Council and in any case was afraid tion,” which he referred to as “Islamic Marxists of introducing major economic and political supported by the Soviets.”1 As for foreign inter- changes. This angered the revolutionaries who vention, during the last days of the revolution, were expecting immediate...

... and Factory Workers’ Union demanded constitutional reforms, including adult suf- had declining support among the primarily African frage, purely elected legislatures, executive councils to factory workers and none among the field workers. be elected by and responsible to the legislatures...

..., some of these minorities welcomed the 1978- A comprehensive analysis involving participants 79 Islamic revolution and what they hoped would be from the National Intelligence Council in the United greater autonomy. What they encountered instead States, non-governmental institutions, academia...

... Council's Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea indicate that dhows were used in the charcoal trade from Somalia, this trade being controlled by al-Shabaab, a Somalia-based militant insurgent group with links to al-Qaeda. 2 Since then, the UN and international authorities have assumed that dhow...

... Thus regime.” only the by the controlled claim- “fully Women, was of it that Council ing High the of dismisses activities She the Movement.” Siahkal the of beginning 1 eg GetWyt l, 34. Fly,” to Way “Great Heng, 11. 181–82). 1983], Ithaca, ihFnaetls Islam Fundamentalist...