...Samuel J. Hirst Between 1920 and 1922, Moscow dispatched guns, grain, and gold to Ankara. The obvious paradox of collaboration between Bolshevik internationalists and the Turkish National Forces has frequently been dismissed as pragmatic union born of necessity, with necessity defined in terms...

... leading to 1917. It certainly was not part of the discourse in any systematic sense. Even the Bolsheviks—presumably among those least beholden to prevailing modes of expression—were apparently only beginning to use the language of “minority” in the last years of the empire. Thus V. I. Lenin, in a 1913...

... Barbara A. Engel,  Jipar Duishembieva. Women in Russia, 1700 – 2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 2004); and Barbara E. Clements, Bolshevik Women...

... or subordinate role. East was brought together by the more radical leaders In the Russian Revolution, for example, the rad- 11 Middle suppressing or disguising their ultimate goals. ical Bolsheviks played a modest role among...

... of abstract on Josh reads as follows: 5. “Bolshevik Danger in India,” telegram from 6. “Bolshevik Danger in India,” telegram from 8. Amir Haider Khan, M. A. Majid, and Shaukat viceroy to secretary of state, 21 December 1922, viceroy to secretary of state, February 1923, ibid...

... the Haitian Revolution within the Age of Revolutions in The Black Jacobins was completed. This endeavor followed closely on the heels of World Revolution, 1917–1936: The Rise and Fall of the Communist International (1937), a Trotskyist account of the Bolshevik Revolution and its demise after the ascension...

... of the Bolsheviks) , was published decades later in 1954–55 as part of a collection of Turkic works. 36 Though his unpublished works on the topic appear to have been lost to history, their titles offer a glimpse into his position toward the Soviets, with titles explicitly naming the Bolsheviks, socialists...

..., he suggested to the Ankara government that rapprochement between Turkish nationalists and Russian Bolsheviks should not encourage the latter to expand its influence in the Caucasus. In his own words: Azerbaijani patriots [ milliyetperverleri ] were by no means the opponents of the Bolsheviks...

..., these accounts gener- the “Communist school” cf South African socialist his- ally share the view that the International Socialist tory - were strongly influenced by the Communist League was a radical Marxist organization similar to Party’s own views of its history and of what consti- Lenin’s Bolshevik...

... lie Hirst’s claims both in the process of formation. Long before the for mutual influence between the early Soviet and Cold War, the Bolsheviks seemed to have already Turkish national projects, and Engerman’s argu- perceived the Turkish national movement as one ments regarding the spread...

... or was exposed by Chinese criticism, but made relations with newly independent states at times much more difficult, which were anxious not to fall prey to another form of neocolonialism. 29 This ideology was translated into Bolshevik visions after the October Revolution in 1917, and the overlap between...

... manifestation was the split between the form themselves into a Marxist party with discipline and an 'Bolshevik-Leninists' who wanted to build a strong, all-In• underground apparatus (Abhayavardhana 1987). It was the dia organization and the popular mass leaders who wanted a nature of the struggles undertaken...

... Khivan forms of governance. Continuities in the Central Asian “raiding” modality of sovereignty and its enduring misrecognition by modern state powers can be seen in the Soviet period. As the Bolsheviks crushed Tsarist colonial power, raids began to encroach on the territory now under the nominal...

..., and of course in Africa (CPSA) and its predecessor organizations Marxist theory as such, a body of analysis which during the classic “communist internationalist” pe- postulated the objective identity of interests of all riod between 1917, the year of the Bolshevik Revo- wage earners...

... and across a range of silsila of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, explicitly aligned themselves with the Bolshevik Revolution, culminating in the assembly of the First Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku, the erstwhile capital of Soviet Azerbaijan, to devise a strategy against imperialism and for world...

... Bolshevik, communist, and American-­Ghadarite politics, he an- chors the movement on the universalist cosmopolitanism of the Indians.1 Phillou’s essay on the Ottomans and the post-­Ottoman decolonization process, on the other hand, enables us to see that, in Turkey, the colonial master...

... of the country. Europe and China are among the most profound Unlike traditional Marxist criticisms of Soviet society changes in the theory and practice of communism since and foreign policy from the “far left,” this critique the Bolshevik Revolution. The events have enormous comes from a party that has...

... wars that led to the unification of Germany, and the virtually without regard to imperial bounds of dif- Bolshevik Revolution. Would these conjunctures ference, in accordance with its Marxist-­Leninist be a place to start with a truly transnational study...

... , 14 February 1955 . Learning from the East Soviet Experts and India in the Era of Competitive Coexistence David C. Engerman rom the earliest days of Bolshevik rule, Soviet leaders established institutions to teach the East — ​ which they used as an economic rather...

..., releasing them from the costly occupation. With this goal in mind, during the 1920s, the Government of India allowed Tehran's forces to use the railway for military purposes such as the transport of troops and provisions. 23 British agencies used the catchphrase “Bolshevik influence” to make...