...Stephen Legg The 1919 Government of India Act devolved powers to the provinces and then divided these roles of government into reserved and transferred subjects, the latter of which would be administered by elected Indian ministers: the constitutional experiment known as dyarchy. Recent scholarship...

... explores key changes in the bureaucratic political imagination in the transition from colonial rule to independence. © 2016 by Duke University Press 2016 democratization Indian elections universal franchise citizenship I am grateful for the uniquely collaborative thinking...

... twentieth-century Indian history: the inauguration of dyarchy under the 1919 Government of India Act; the application of provincial autonomy under the 1935 Government of India Act; and the preparation of the draft roll for India's first general election, held shortly after the inauguration of the republican...

... police elections The review essays by Sunila S. Kale, Sandipto Dasgupta, and Michael J. Watts on my book, When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics , and Steven Pierce's Moral Economies of Corruption: State Formation and Political Culture in Nigeria raise a number of theoretically...

..., which show that 36 percent of respondents “would be bothered if a candidate from another community won the election” (234). Indians have not yet become the unmarked liberal citizens whose bonds are expressed as horizontal solidarities, even though India's political institutions are predicated...

..., University of Manchester. Lemon , Anthony. 1984 . ‘The Indian and Coloured Elections: Co-optation Rejected?’ South Africa International , 15 , 2 , 84 –107. Lodge , Tom. 1983 . Black Politics in South Africa since 1945 . London and New York: Longman. MacShane , Denis, Plaut...

... in the year 1989. They were: (i) the contro- “illegal and illegitimate” government by means of an versy over the presence and eventual withdrawal of the armcd struggle. Although there was much speculation Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), (ii) negotiations about the possibility of the SLFP too...

... and the establishment has sub-phases, goes up to November 1993 when the threatened the secular basis of the Indian Republic BJP faced a big setback in the assembly elections in as never before since Independence in 1947. The four northern states. The BJP has since entered the BJP’s ascendancy on the Indian...

..., but it with each election, partly through rewriting was not accepted that the voting age be laws to make fraud possible (Smith, 1971: lowered in order to increase the Indian 418-419; Milne, 1977: 201, and partly too, vote. At that time, the Indian population by the restructuring...

... the rather smug reading of sections of the Indian state. These issues, despite being explained Assamese intelligentsia who are ever given to main- and analyzed often and at length, are yet to sink tain that while in the rest of the country communal into the utterly insular and self-indulgently...

...Harbans Mukhia Copyright 1992: South Asia Bulletin 1991 South Asia Bulleh, Vol. XI, Nos. 1 & 2 (1991). Communalism and the Indian Polity Harbans Mukhia On January 26,1950 when the Constitution given by those at the lower rungs of the economy, which would “We, the People...

... opposing the Indo- lization of the chauvinistic petty-bourgeois forces of Sinhala Lanka Accord, the presence of the Indian Peace Keeping society. Ironically, socialist forces are being crushed not by Forces in the North and East and the recently introduced the bourgeois state...

... by the ruling class. When the that was political. system classifies some people as coloured, or Indian, they And because I was elected in July 1972, to be the begin to organize as coloured or Indians. This type of thing publicity secretary of the Black Peoples' Convention, I continues...

... expansionism. The JVP "National Minority" failed to impress anyone. For two weeks lessons identified the Tamil estate workers as the "fifth col- in August after the election, Sinhalese thugs and hooligans u.nn" of Indian expansionism. The JVP insurrection was put went on a rampage...

... were detained without charge or prima facie proof of an attempt to commit the offence. They trial, and dozens ‘disappeared‘ following arrest by the Sri also provide that incriminating statements made by a suspect Lankan security forces and by the Indian Peace Keeping “to whomsoever...

... in Nigeria . Durham, NC : Duke University Press , 2016 . Vaishnav Milan . When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics . New Haven, CT : Yale University Press , 2017 . 2. Vaishnav, When Crime Pays , 9 . Further references will be cited parenthetically in the text. 1...

... (a typical South Indian male apparel) great ap- show that the Muslim communalists do not hesitate to sup- pealed to the Marathi youth who flocked to his organization. port Hindu communalists.)2 This regional appeal was so intense that even some of the This gave a boost to the Shiv S~Mwhich could now...

... but a republic,” he was referring directly to the Indian States. 54 The 1935 Act ushered in the most decisive phase of late colonial India's political and constitutional development. The act and the subsequent 1937 provincial elections precipitated a shift away from the politics of community and special...

... into cott SAIC elections, the NIC launched the Anti-SAIC intimidation and violence, looting and burning, fanning Committee (Anti-SAICC) and activists in the out into several African and Indian townships. Indians Transvaal launched the Transvaal Anti-SAIC Commit- in Inanda were chased out...

..., Tamils, Indians, Burghers and Muslims and CP which has been rent with dissension on this issue. In the against all capitalists, except Sinhala Buddhist ones. 1956 elections, the CP had obtained only 3 seats, but it did The newspapers associated...