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Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... and limitations of particular analogies proposed for use in the regulation of AI, suggesting that AI law and policy will undoubtedly have to borrow from many precedents without committing to any single one. One of the most influential analogies in the field of AI regulation so far is to product safety...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Sylvie Delacroix Abstract The salient concern, today, is not whether copyright law will “allow robots to learn.” The pressing question is whether the exploitation of the data ecosystem that has made generative AI possible can be made socially sustainable. Just as the human right to water is only...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... of these systems has led the EU to place “AI systems intended to be used for the purposes of assessing students” and “participants in tests commonly required for admission to educational institutions” to be in their highest category of risk, alongside those used for law enforcement and administration of justice...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... by foregrounding key contributions from Australian scholars. Bringing together an interdisciplinary group of researchers from qualitative social sciences, law, technology, and humanities, the anthology argues that the field of AI ethics functions as a preemptive response to the political critiques of widespread...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... of those topics. Further, McQuillan's discussion of these councils is remarkably thin and abstract about what they could do to “resist” AI, especially given his dismissive comments about democratic regulation and law earlier on. Workers' councils are described as “spaces of rapid consciousness raising...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
..., James . 2023a . “ The Senate's Hearing on AI Regulation Was Dangerously Friendly .” The Verge , May 19 . https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/19/23728174/ai-regulation-senate-hearings-regulatory-capture-laws . Vincent, James . 2023b . “ OpenAI Says It Could ‘Cease Operating’ in the EU...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... in the face of inegalitarian social arrangements, thereby solidifying them and entrenching the disadvantages they create for marginalized groups like women. One could perhaps draw on MacKinnon to argue a similar dynamic can arise when AI companies aim to remain “neutral” with respect to the hierarchies...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... are injecting a tech-first perspective into governing AI), and a final chapter about possibilities for public and collective action. She demonstrates definitively how current laws are not sufficient to protect the civil rights of minoritized groups (and Black women in particular) in the digital sphere...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Emily M. Bender; Ted Chiang; Tom Nissley; Lauren M. E. Goodlad; Kelsey Keyes Abstract This conversation is excerpted and edited from a transcript of a live event, “Wishful Thinking and AI: An Evening with Ted Chiang and Dr. Emily M. Bender,” which took place in Seattle, Washington, on November 10...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... offered in response to previous charters, such as Isaac Asimov's laws of robotics and South Korea's professional code of AI ethics. The indefinite scope of this proposal raises troubling questions. Botting states that her list of rights “applies to all ‘sensitive’ created beings” (189). She prefers...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... for corporate transparency, mandatory audits, robust regulatory standards, liability for harms, and the enactment of laws that protect workers and creative people do not undermine the public's ability to address more speculative dangers. By way of intervention, Heilinger and Kempt schematize AI ethics across...
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Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
...Katherine Bode; Lauren M. E. Goodlad Abstract This introductory article calls attention to the shift from the “big data” discourse of the 2000s to the current focus on “AI” in its supposedly “responsible” and “human-centered” forms. Such rhetoric helps deflect attention from the profitable...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Annette Vee Abstract Companies such as OpenAI and other tech start-ups often pass on “technical debt” to consumers—that is, they roll out undertested software so that users can discover errors and problems. The breakneck pace of our current AI “arms race” implicitly encourages this practice and has...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
...Christopher Newfield Abstract Critics have identified a set of operational flaws in the machine language and deep learning systems now discussed under the “AI” banner. Five of the most discussed are social biases, particularly racism; opacity, such that users cannot assess how results were...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
...James Smithies [email protected] Discriminating Data: Correlation, Neighborhoods, and the New Politics of Recognition . By Wendy Hui Kyong Chun . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press , 2021 . 344 pp. Copyright © 2023 Duke University Press 2023 Public discourse over AI has...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... → [printing → the internet] → ChatGPT (possibly as a forerunner of more adept AI tools). This sequence, which anoints ChatGPT as a successor to the mantle of writing, makes some big assumptions about the significance of LLMs in the future. In doing so, moreover, it converts Phaedrus...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... for Computational Linguistics , 311 – 18 . Stroudsburg, PA : Association for Computational Linguistics . https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073135 . Pasquale, Frank . 2020 . New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI . Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press . https://doi.org...
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Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
..., the right wing–affiliated facial recognition service Clearview AI (O'Brien 2020 ), which law enforcement uses to “accelerate” investigations (i.e., to find and arrest people identified through the technology), derives its model from profile images scraped from social media accounts (Hill 2020 ). In short...
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Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... language models (LLMs) that power tools like Open AI's ChatGPT. The vehicle for its survival is the distributional hypothesis of linguistic meaning, an idea first developed in a scientific way by the American structural linguist Zellig Harris ( 1954 ), a disciple of Leonard Bloomfield and teacher of Noam...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... smoothly, shame its leaded gasoline. The Shame Machine describes the presence and effects of shame in US law, policy, and economics. Shame constitutes a private experience but also a complex system that operates in the aggregate, independent of individual intention. One function of this machine...
